Ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile, ama-flocculants asetshenziswa kakhulu usawoti we-aluminium nosawoti wensimbi, usawoti we-aluminium osele emanzini aphathwe kabi uzofaka imibala yabantu, njll.; Esikhathini esiningi ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdaka, kunzima ukunqoba izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwesibili njengenani elikhulu le-sludge kanye nokulahlwa okunzima kwe-sludge. Ngakho-ke, ukufuna umkhiqizo wemvelo ongabangeli ukungcoliswa kwesibili emvelweni ukuthola indawo kasawoti ye-aluminium kanye ne-iron usawoti flocculants kunesidingo sokusebenzisa amasu wokuthuthuka asetshenzisiwe namuhla. I-Natural Polymer Flocculants idonsele ukunakwa okuningi phakathi kwama-flocculant amaningi ngenxa yemithombo yazo ebanzi eluhlaza, intengo ephansi, ukukhetha okuhle, umthamo omncane, ukuphepha kanye nokungabi nobuthi, kanye ne-biodegradadation ephelele. Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka yentuthuko, inani elikhulu lama-polymer flocculants anezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kuqhamuke, phakathi kwawo isitashi, i-lignin, i-chitosan kanye ne-glue yemifino kusetshenziswa kabanzi.
I-chitosanIzakhiwo
I-Chitosan iyi-amorphous emhlophe, eguqukayo eqinile, engenawo incwajana kodwa incibilika ku-acid, okuwumkhiqizo we-deeacetylation we-chitin. Ngokuvamile, iChitosan ingabizwa ngokuthi iChitosan lapho iqembu le-N-acetyl eChitin lisuswa ngaphezu kwama-55%. I-Chitin iyingxenye eyinhloko yezifo zezilwane nezinambuzane, futhi iyingxenye yesibili ngobukhulu yemvelo emhlabeni ngemuva kweselula. Njenge-flocculant, i-chitosan ingokwemvelo, engeyona into enobuthi futhi iyancipha. Kunamaqembu amaningi e-hydroxyl, amaqembu e-amino namanye amaqembu athile we-n-acetylambino asatshalaliswa ku-catiololecular chain ye-chitooleckyte enezinhlanzi eziphakeme ezinobuningi bezixazululo ze-acidic, futhi nazo zingenza izakhiwo ezifana nenethiwekhi nge-hydrogen bond noma ama-ionic bond. Ama-molecule e-Cage, ngaleyo ndlela axakeke futhi asuse ama-ion amaningi anobuthi futhi anobungozi. I-Chitosan kanye nokutholwa kwayo kunezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo, hhayi kuphela kundwangu, ukuphrinta kanye nokudaya, ama-moncilong, ama-biology, ama-ion ancuanger kanye nama-chitosan, angasetshenziswa, i-chitosan, angasetshenziswa i-chitosan ejensi yokuvikela imvelo yase-US njengokuhlanza Umenzeli wamanzi okuphuza ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo ezihlukile ezisetshenziselwa amanzi atholakalayo kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kweI-chitosanEkwelashweni kwamanzi
(1) Susa ama-solids amiswe emzimbeni wamanzi. Ngamanzi emvelo, iba yi-colloid system ethe xaxa ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagciwane obumba, njll. Njenge-polymer ye-cationer ende, i-chitosan ingadlala imisebenti emide yokungathathi hlangothi kukagesi kanye nokuhlangana kanye ne-adsorption kanye ne-bridging, futhi inomthelela oqinile wokuhlangana ezintweni ezimisiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-alum yendabuko kanye nama-polyracrylamide njenge-flocculants, iChitosan inokucacisa kangcono umphumela. URavid et al. wafunda umphumela wokwelashwa kwe-floccution kokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okukodwa kweKaolin VAME lapho iChitosan PH Inani lalingu-5-9, futhi lathola ukuthi ukugcwala kwathinteka kakhulu yinani le-PH, kanye nenani elisebenzayo le-PH yokususwa kwe-turbidity kwakungu-7.0-7.5. I-1mg / l Flocculant, isilinganiso sokususa isiguquli sidlula ama-90%, futhi ama-flocs akhiqizwa anama-coarse futhi asheshayo, futhi isikhathi esiphelele se-sediment sediment asidluli ku-1h; Kepha lapho ivelu ye-PH incipha noma inyuka, ukusebenza kahle kwe-floccation kwehla, okukhombisa ukuthi kuphela ebangeni elincane kakhulu le-PH, iChitosan ingakha i-polymerization enhle nge-Kaolin izinhlayiya. Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi lapho ukumiswa kwe-bentonite okuhlangenwe nakho kuphathwa nge-chitosan, uhla lwenani le-PH Value lubanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho amanzi e-turtuad aqukethe izinhlayiya ezifana ne-kaolin, kuyadingeka ukwengeza inani elifanele le-bentonite njenge-coabulant ukuze uthuthukise i-polymerization yeI-chitosanezinhlayiyeni. Kamuva, uRavid et al. wakuthola lokho
Uma kukhona ama-humus ku-kaolin noma i-titanium dioxide ukumiswa, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi uyiqonde nge-chitosan, ngoba i-humus ekhokhiswe kabi inamathiselwe ebusweni bezinhlayiya, futhi i-humus yenza kube lula ukulungisa ivelu ye-PH. UChitosan usakhombisa izakhiwo eziphakeme ze-floccation for imizimba yamanzi yemvelo ene-turbidity ehlukile ne-alkalinity.
(2) Susa i-algae namagciwane emzimbeni wamanzi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abanye abantu phesheya sesiqale ukutadisha ama-adsorption kanye ne-floccution ye-chitosan ezinhlelweni ze-colloid ze-colloid ezinjenge-algae namagciwane. I-Chitosan inomphumela wokususwa kwamanzi amasha, okungukuthi u-Spirulina, oscillator algae, chlorella kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-green algae. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi nge-algae yamanzi ahlanzekile, ukususwa kungcono kakhulu ku-ph of 7; KwaMarine algae, i-pH iphansi. Umthamo ofanele weChitosan uncike ekuqoqweni kwe-algae emzimbeni wamanzi. Lapho kuphakama i-algae ye-algae, umthamo omkhulu weChitosan odinga ukungezwa, futhi ukwanda komthamo weChitosan kuvame ukudala ukugcwala kanye nezulu. Ngokushesha. I-turbidity ingalinganisa ukususwa kwe-algae. Lapho inani le-PH lingu-7, 5mg / lI-chitosanUngasusa ama-turbidity ama-90% amanzi emanzini, futhi aphakamise ukugxila kwe-algae, ama-coarser izinhlayiya ze-floc kanye nokusebenza kwe-sedimentation.
Ukuhlolwa kwemicroscopic kukhombisa ukuthi i-algae esuswe yi-floccation kanye nedimentation yahlanganiswa kuphela futhi yalandelwa kanyekanye, futhi yayisesimweni esiqinile nesikhuthele. Njengoba iChitosan ayibangeli imiphumela emibi ezinhlotsheni emanzini, amanzi aphethwe asakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ama-aquacululte amasha, ngokungafani namanye ama-flocculants ekwelashweni kwamanzi. Indlela yokususa yeChitosan kumagciwane iyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokutadisha i-escherhichia Coli neChitosan, kutholakala ukuthi indlela yokubhuqa engenakulinganisela iyindlela enkulu yohlelo lwe-floccation, futhi iChitosan ikhiqiza izibopho ze-hydrogen kudoti weseli. Olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-chitosan flocculation ka-E. Coli kuxhomekekisa hhayi kumakhokho we-dielectric kodwa futhi nasekubusweni kwalo kwe-hydraulic.
(3) Susa i-aluminium eyinsalela bese uhlanza amanzi okuphuza. Ama-aluminium usawoti kanye nama-polyaluminum flocculants asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi empompini, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium calt flocculants kungaholela kokuqukethwe kwe-aluminium okwandisiwe emanzini okuphuza. I-aluminium esele yokuphuza emanzini ayingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu. Yize iChitosan nayo inenkinga yensalela yamanzi, ngoba iyi-Ampipololysaccharide yemvelo engenalo ubuthi, izinsalela ngeke zilimaze emzimbeni womuntu, futhi zingasuswa kwinqubo yokwelashwa elandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-chitosan kanye ne-inorganic flocculants efana ne-polyaluminum chloride kunganciphisa okuqukethwe yi-aluminium eyinsalela. Ngakho-ke, ekuphuzeni ukwelashwa kwamanzi, iChitosan inezinzuzo ezingenazo ezinye izindlela zokwenziwa ze-polymer ze-polymer ezingenakuthatha indawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chitosan ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdaka
(1) Susa insimbi ye-ion. Uchungechunge lwamangqamuzana weI-chitosanFuthi okuvela kwalo kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu we-amino namaqembu e-hydroxyl, ngakho-ke kunomthelela we-bhedating ama-ion amaningi, futhi angafaka ngempumelelo ama-adsorb noma athwebula i-adslor yensimbi esindayo kwikhambi. UCatherine A. E. E. EIDEN nezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi umthamo we-adsorption we-chitosan kuya ku-PB2 + ne-CR3 + (kuyunithi yeChitosan) ufinyelela ku-0.2 mmol / g, ngokulandelana, futhi unomthamo oqinile we-adsorpt. Zhang ting'an et al. wasebenzisa i-chitosan eyi-deacetytated ukuze ususe ithusi yi-floccation. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi lapho inani le-PH lingu-8.0 kanti ukugxila kwabantu abaningi kwisampula yamanzi bekuphansi kune-100 mg / l, isilinganiso sokususa ithusi sasingaphezu kwama-99%; Ukuhlushwa okukhulu kungu-400mg / L, kanye nokuhlushwa kwabantu abaningi ku-Ions Ions ku-uketshezi oluyinsalela kuhlangana namashumi kazwelonke wakudala wakudala. Okunye ukuhlola kufakazele ukuthi lapho i-PH = 5.0 kanye nesikhathi se-adsorption bekungu-2h, izinga lokususa le-chitosan libe yi-ni2 + ku-adsorption timege nickel plating imfucuza yemfucuza ingafinyelela ku-72.25%.
(2) Phatha amanzi amdaka anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni anjengokudla kwamanzi angcolile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokudla, amanzi angcolile aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-solids amisiwe akhishwe. I-chitosan molecule iqukethe iqembu le-Amide, iqembu le-Amino neHydroxyl Group. Ngokuvela kweqembu le-Amino, kukhombisa indima ye-cationic polyelectlyte, engagcini nje ngokuba nomthelela we-chelating ngezinsimbi ezisindayo, kepha futhi ingakwazi ukwenza kahle izinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu emanzini. I-Chitin neChitosan bangakha izakhiwo nge-hydrogen bonding ngamaprotheni, ama-amino acid, njll. Fang zhimin et al. -setshenzisiweI-chitosan, i-aluminium sulfate, i-feric sulfate kanye ne-polypropylene phthalamide njenge-flocculants ukuthola amaprotheni avela emanzini akhiqizwa kwasolwandle. Izinga eliphakeme lokutakula kabusha amaprotheni kanye nokudluliselwa kokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngoba iChitosan ngokwayo ayinobuthi futhi ayinakungcoliswa kwesibili, ingasetshenziselwa ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha izinto eziwusizo njengamaprotheni kanye nesitashi kumanzi angcolile kusuka ekudleni kokudla ukuze usebenze futhi uphinde ungeze, njengokungeza ukondla njengokudla kwezilwane.
(3) Ukwelashwa kokuphrinta nokudaya kwachitha amanzi. Amanzi amdaka okuphrinta nokudaya abhekisa emanzini angcolile akhishwe ekotini, evongeni, amakhemikhali fiber kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezindwangu enqubweni yokuhlekisa, ukudaya, ukuphrinta nokuqeda. Imvamisa iqukethe usawoti, ama-organic surfactants kanye namadayi, njll., Ngezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-Chroma enkulu ne-cod ephezulu. , futhi uthuthukise ekuqondisweni kwe-anti-oxidation kanye ne-anti-bioderhadation, okuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yabantu nasendaweni. I-Chitosan iqukethe amaqembu e-Amino namaqembu e-Hydroxyl, futhi anomphumela oqinile we-adsorption kumadayi, kufaka phakathi: Ukuheha ama-adsorption kanye ne-ion ukushintshanisa ama-adsorpr, ikakhulukazi nge-hydrogen bonding, i-hydrophobicction, njll. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kweChitosan kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu e-Amino aphambili, adala i-ejenti enhle kakhulu ye-polymer ngokusebenzisa ama-coordines bond, futhi angenzi ubuthi futhi awenzi ukungcoliswa kwesibili.
(4) Isicelo ku-Sludge Dewanting. Njengamanje, iningi lezitshalo zokwethulwa kwendle zasemadolobheni zisebenzisa i-cationic polyyalide ukwelapha i-sludge. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisile ukuthi lo menti onomphumela omuhle we-floccation futhi kulula ukugcwala kwamanzi, kepha okuseleyo, ikakhulukazi i-acrylamide monomer, i-carcinogen eqinile. Ngakho-ke, kungumsebenzi onenjongo kakhulu ukufuna ukushintshwa kwaso. I-Chitosan iyisimo esihle se-sludge, esisiza ukwakha ama-slidege bacteli microses, angakhokhiswa kabi izinto ezimisiwe kanye nento e-organic kwisixazululo, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezokwelapha zenqubo esetshenzisiwe ye-sludge. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-polyaluminum chloride / chitosan composite flocculont hhayi kuphela umphumela osobala onesimo se-sludge, kodwa futhi uma iqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-pac eyodwa noma i-chitosan, i-sludge ukumelana ngqo kufinyelela iphuzu eliphansi, futhi izinga lokuhlunga liphezulu. Kuyashesha futhi kuyisimo esingcono; Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintathu ze-carboxymethyl chitosan (n-carboxymethyl chitosan, n, o-carboxymethyl chitosan kanye ne-o-carboxymethyl chitosan) Chitosan) Chitosan) Ukuxoshwa kwakungcono kakhulu kunalokho kwama-flocculants ajwayelekile.
I-chitosanFuthi okuvela kwalo kucebile kwizinsizakusebenza, zemvelo, ezingenabungozi, ezicekayo, futhi zibe nezindawo ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Bangama-ejenti wokwelapha amanzi aluhlaza. Izinto zayo ezingavuthiwe, i-Chitin, iyingxenye yesibili ngobukhulu yemvelo esemhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kweChitosan ekwelashweni kwamanzi kunomfutho wokukhula osobala. Njenge-polymer yemvelo eguqula imfucuza ibe yigugu, iChitosan isetshenziswe ekuqaleni emikhakheni eminingi, kepha ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya kusenegebe ethile uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe athuthukile. Ngokujula kocwaningo eChitosan kanye nezisulu zalo, ikakhulukazi i-chitosan eguquliwe enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-synthesis, inenani lokusebenzisa okuningi. Ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe besicelo se-chitosan ekwelashweni kwamanzi nasekuthuthukiseni imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo yezinto ezifuywayo chitosan ngebanga elibanzi lokusebenza lizoba nenani elibanzi lemakethe namathemba esicelo.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-09-2022