Umkhakha wezemikhakha wezemikhakha u-Wattewater uhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibiotic wastewater kanye nokwenziwa kwezidakamizwa ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa kwawudonsela amanzi. Umkhakha wezemithi embonini yezemithi u-Wastewater ufaka izigaba ezine: ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi okukhiqiza ama-wand Wastewater, adaywe ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, ukukhiqiza ubunikazi bezokwelapha, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi okugeza, ukugeza imishanguzo kanye nokuwasha imfucuza kusuka ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zokulungiselela. Amanzi angcolile abonakala ngokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-organic, ubuthi obukhulu, umbala ojulile, okuqukethwe kasawoti okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe okunempilo kwe-biochemical kanye nokuphuma kwezikhathi ezithile. Kuyinto amanzi amdaka ezimboni okunzima ukwelapha. Ngokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezemithi wezwe lami, amanzi angcolile amakhambi avele abe ngomunye wemithombo ebalulekile yokungcola.
1. Indlela yokwelashwa yamanzi angcolile amakhemisi
Izindlela zokwelashwa zamanzi angcolile amakhemisi zingafingqwa njenge: Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwe-biochemical kanye nokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene, indlela ngayinye yokwelashwa inezinzuzo zayo kanye nobubi bayo.
Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nangokokhemikhali
Ngokwesici sekhwalithi yamanzi amanzi amdaka amakhandlu, ukwelashwa kwengqondo kudinga ukusetshenziswa njengenqubo yangaphambi kokwelashwa noma ukwelashwa kwangemva kokulashwa kwe-biochemical. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje zibandakanya ukuquleka, ukugcwala komoya, ama-adsorption, ama-ammonia ahlubula, i-electrolysis, ion ukushintshanisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane.
ukuhlangana
Lobu buchwepheshe yindlela yokwelashwa kwamanzi esetshenziswa kabanzi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelashweni kwangaphambi kokwelashwa nasekwelashweni kwangemva kwalo ngemuva kwamanzi amdaka zezokwelapha, njenge-aluminium sulfate kanye ne-polyfercric sulfate emithini yendabuko yamaShayina amaShayina angcolile. Isihluthulelo sokwelashwa okusebenzayo kokuhlangana ukukhethwa okulungile nokungezwa kwama-coagulants ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuqondiswa kwentuthuko kwama-coagulants sekuguqukile kusuka kumahlosi aphansi kuya kuma-polymers aphezulu, futhi kusuka kwingxenye eyodwa kuya kokusebenza okuhlanganisiwe [3]. Liu minghua et al. . Amanani okususa ayengama-69.7%, 96.4% no-87.5%, ngokulandelana.
ukugcwala komoya
I-air flotation ngokuvamile ifaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinjenge-areoration air flotation, ukuncibilika komoya, ukugcwaliswa komoya kwamakhemikhali, kanye ne-electrolytic air flotation. Ifektri ye-XinChang Pharmaceutical Ifektri isebenzisa i-CaF Vortex Air Flotation device kumanzi angcolile amakhemisi. Isilinganiso sokususa isilinganiso se-COD singama-25% anamakhemikhali afanelekile.
Indlela ye-Adsorption
Ama-adsorbents asetshenziswayo asetshenziswa i-calbon aculiwe, aculiwe amalahle, acid acid aculekile, njll. I-Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa amalahle ash adsorption - Inqubo yokwelashwa ye-ash yamalahle yokuphatha amanzi angcolile. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi isilinganiso sokususa i-Cod sokuhlekisa nge-adsorption kwakungu-41.1%, futhi isilinganiso se-bod5 / cod sathuthukiswa.
Ukwahlukana kweMembrane
Ubuchwepheshe beMembrane bufaka i-Osmosis ebukeshisayo, i-nanofiltration kanye nolwelwesi lwe-fiber ukuthola izinto eziwusizo futhi banciphise ukuphuma kwe-organic. Izici eziyinhloko zalobu buchwepheshe ziyinto elula imishini, ukusebenza okulula, akukho shintsho sesigaba kanye noshintsho lwamakhemikhali, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokusebenza kwamandla nokulondolozwa kwamandla. UJuanna et al. wasebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration ukuhlukanisa amanzi akwa-sinamycin. Kutholakale ukuthi umphumela wokuvinjwa kwe-licomycin kuma-microorganisms kumanzi amdaka wancishiswa, futhi kutholakale uCinnomyCin.
i-electrolysis
Indlela inezinzuzo zokusebenza okuphezulu, ukusebenza okulula nokunye, futhi umphumela wokuhlobisa i-electrolytic muhle. I-Li Ying [8] yenziwe ukwenziwa kwe-electrofytic ku-Rinoflavin Supernatant, kanye namazinga okususa ama-COD, SS kanye ne-Chroma kufinyelelwe ama-71%, 83% no-67%, ngokulandelana.
Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali
Lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-reagents athile kungenzeka adale ukungcoliswa kwesibili kwemizimba yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi ofanele wokucwaninga wokuhlola kufanele wenziwe ngaphambi kokuklanywa. Izindlela zamakhemikhali zifaka indlela ye-Iron-carbon, indlela yeRedox (i-Fenton reagent, H2O2, O3), ubuchwepheshe obujulile be-oxidation, njll.
Indlela ye-Iron Carbon
Ukusebenza kwezimboni kukhombisa ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-FE-C njengesinyathelo sokubonisana samanzi angcolile amakhemisi kungathuthukisa kakhulu i-biodergadability ye-affaent. I-LOU Maixing isebenzisa insimbi-i-electrolysis-anaerobic-aorobic-air ihlanganisiwe ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe ukwelapha ama-walltewater of the wallmedical thememediates aphakathi ne-erythromycin ne-ciprofloxacin. Isilinganiso sokususa i-Cod ngemuva kokulashwa ngensimbi nekhabhoni kwakungama-20%. I-%, futhi i-affaunt yokugcina ihambisana nezinga lesifundo se-National Okokuqala "okuhlanganisiwe kwe-Wastewater Phuthuna" (GB8978-1996).
Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Recegent's Fenton
Inhlanganisela kasawoti enobuhlakani kanye ne-H2O2 ebizwa ngokuthi yi-realent ka-fenton, engasusa ngempumelelo into ephilayo enobuhlakani engeke isuswe ngobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwamanzi bendabuko. Ngokujula kocwaningo, i-Ultraviolet Light (UV), oxalate (C2O42-), njll. Kwethulwe kwi-Denton's Reagent, eyathuthukiswa kakhulu ikhono le-oxidation. Usebenzisa i-Tio2 njenge-catalyst kanye ne-9W ephansi ye-mercury lamp njengomthombo wokukhanya, amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali aphathwa nge-100%, futhi isilinganiso sokususa i-COD sasiyi-1002.3%, futhi i-nitrobenzene compact yancipha kusuka ku-8.05mg / l. 0.41 mg / l.
Oxidation
Indlela ingathuthukisa i-biodegradeability yamanzi amdaka futhi inesilinganiso esingcono sokususa i-COD. Isibonelo, ama-wastewaters amathathu alwa namagciwane anjenge-balcioglu aphathwa yi-oxidation ye-ozone. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi i-ozonation yamanzi angcolile ayikhuphuli nje kuphela i-bod5 / cod ratio, kepha futhi nesilinganiso sokususa i-Cod sasingaphezulu kwama-75%.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Oxidation
Waziwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-oxidation, iletha ndawonye imiphumela yakamuva yocwaningo lokukhanya kwesimanje, ugesi, umsindo, izibalo, i-oxidation ye-electrochemical, i-oxidation supercritical oxidation, i-photocatalytic oxidation, i-photocatalytic oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwe-photocatalytic. Phakathi kwazo, ubuchwepheshe be-oxidationthionic axidationticcocatalytic be-axidation bunezinzuzo ze-Novelty, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi akukho ukukhetha kwamanzi angcolile, futhi kufanelekile ngokucekelwa phansi kwama-hydrocarbons angafakwanga. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokwelashwa ezifana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukufudumeza, kanye nengcindezi, ukwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic kwezinto eziphilayo kuqondile futhi kudinga imishini engatheni. Njengohlobo olusha lokwelashwa, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kuyakhokhwa. Xiao guangquan et al. [13] Sebenzisa indlela yokuxhumana yemvelo ye-ultrasonic-aerobic yokwelapha amanzi angcolile amakhemisi. Ukwelashwa kwe-Ultrasonic kwenziwa ama-60 s futhi amandla kwakungu-200 W, kanti inani eliphelele lokususa i-COD lamanzi angcolile lalingu-96%.
Ukwelashwa kwe-biochemical
I-Biochemical Treatment Technology ingubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwamanzi amakhemikhali abasebenza kabanzi, kufaka phakathi indlela ye-aerobic biological, indlela ye-anaerobic biological, kanye nendlela ehlanganisiwe ye-aerobic-anaerobic.
Ukwelashwa okungokoqobo kwe-aerobic
Njengoba iningi lamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali lingamanzi aqokwe ahlukahlukene agxila, kudingekile ukunciphisa ikhambi lesitoko ngesikhathi sekwelashwa kwe-Aerobic. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, amanzi angcolile angaphathwa nge-biochemily, futhi kunzima ukukhipha ngqo ezingeni ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-biochemical. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aerobic yedwa. Kunezinto ezimbalwa zokwelapha ezitholakalayo nokungakhethi okujwayelekile okudingekayo. Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo ze-Aerobic Biological zifaka indlela esetshenzisiwe ye-sludge, indlela ejulile ye-aoration, indlela ye-adsorption bioregradation (indlela ye-absption) (Indlela ye-cass) nokunye.
Indlela Ejulile Ye-Aoration
I-Deep Well Aoration uhlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu lwe-sludge olusebenzayo. Indlela inezinga eliphezulu le-oksijini, isikhala esincane saphansi, umphumela omuhle wezokwelapha, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi, izindleko ezisebenzayo, akukho ukukhiqizwa kwe-sludge kanye nokukhiqizwa okuncane kwe-sludge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wayo wokufakelwa okushisayo ulungile, futhi ukwelashwa akuthintwa yizimo zezulu, ezingaqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela wokwelashwa kwendle ebusika ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ngemuva kwama-organic arverage arverater wastewater kusuka efektri yasenyakatho-mpumalanga yezemithi kwakuphathwa nge-juen Hell Tanth Tanth Tanth, isilinganiso sokususa i-Cod sifinyelele ku-92.7%. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kuphakeme kakhulu, okuzuzisa kakhulu ekucutshungweni okulandelayo. dlala indima enqumayo.
Indlela ye-AB
Indlela ye-AB yindlela ye-sludge ye-ultra-high aculekile. Izinga lokususa leBoD5, iCod, SS, i-phosphorus ne-ammonia nitrogen ngenqubo ye-AB ngokuvamile liphakeme kunalolo inqubo evamile ye-sludge. Izinzuzo zalo ezivelele zingumthwalo ophakeme wesigaba, umthamo wokulahlwa komthwalo onamandla, kanye nomphumela omkhulu wokubuthelela kwinani le-PH nenani elinobuthi. Ilungele ikakhulukazi ukwelapha indle ngopende okuphezulu noshintsho olukhulu ngekhwalithi yamanzi nenani. Indlela kaYang Junshi et al. Isebenzisa indlela ye-hydrolysis acidication-ab biological yokuphatha amanzi amdaka ama-antibiotic, anenqubo emfushane yokugeleza, ukonga amandla, kanye nezindleko zokwelashwa kuphansi kunendlela yokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali - Indlela yokwelashwa efanayo yamanzi afanayo angcolile.
I-Oxidation yebhayoloji yoxhumana naye
Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa izinzuzo zendlela esetshenzisiwe ye-sludge kanye nendlela ye-biofilm, futhi inezinzuzo zomthwalo omkhulu wevolumu, ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kwe-sludge, ukumelana nomthelela oqinile, ukusebenza okuzinzile. Amaphrojekthi amaningi amukela indlela yesiteji emibili, ehlose ukumelana nezinhlangothi eziphambili ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, anikeze ukudlala okugcwele emthethweni we-synergistic phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene, futhi uthuthukise imiphumela ye-biochemical kanye nokumelana okuthuthumelayo. Ku-Engineering, ukugaya i-anaerobic kanye ne-acidization kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokubonisana, kanye nenqubo yokuxhumana i-oxidation isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile amakhemisi. Ifektri ye-Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory addow Admication-Adfication-Provice-Stuelical Oniological Compitation Complovent yokwelapha amanzi angcolile amakhemisi. Imiphumela yokusebenza ikhombisa ukuthi umphumela wethethina uzinzile futhi inhlanganisela yenqubo inengqondo. Ngokuvuthwa kancane kancane kobuchwepheshe bezinqubo, izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza zibanzi kakhulu.
Indlela ye-SBR
Indlela ye-SBR inezinzuzo zokumelana nomthwalo oqinile wokushaqeka, umsebenzi ophakeme we-sludge, isakhiwo esilula, asikho isidingo sokubuyiselwa emuva, isilinganiso esincane, isilinganiso esisezingeni eliphansi, ukukhishwa okuhle kokususa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-phosphorus. . Uguquguqukayo wamanzi wakudala. Izivivinyo ekwelapheni kwamanzi angcolile amakhemisi ngenqubo ye-SBR akhombisa ukuthi isikhathi sokungafani sinethonya elikhulu emphumeleni wokwelashwa kwenqubo; Ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye ze-anoxic, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka okuphindaphindiwe kwe-anaerobic ne-aerobic, kungathuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokwelashwa; Ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kwe-SB kwe-PAC inqubo kungathuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokususwa kohlelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inqubo isiphenduke iphelele futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni kwamanzi amdaka amakhamikele.
Ukwelashwa nge-anaerobic biological
Njengamanje, ukwelashwa kwama-organic aqothulwa ama-organic arverater ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kusekelwe ikakhulu kwindlela ye-anaerobic, kepha i-affluent cod isephakeme ngemuva kokulashwa ngendlela ehlukile ye-anaerobic, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-aerobic (njengokuphathwa kwebhayobi) ngokuvamile kuyadingeka. Njengamanje, kusadingekile ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwama-anaerobic asebenza kahle, kanye nocwaningo olunzulu ezimeni zokusebenza. Izicelo eziphumelele kakhulu ekwelashweni kwamanzi omakhemikhali zingu-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), umbhede we-anaerobic), i-anaerobic), i-anaerobic accour, i-hydrolysis, njll.
Umthetho we-UASB
I-UASB reactor inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kokugaya okuphezulu kwe-anaerobic, isakhiwo esilula, isikhathi sokugcinwa esifushane se-hydraulic, futhi asikho isidingo sedivayisi yokubuya ye-slidege ehlukile. Lapho i-UASB isetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-kanamycin, chlorin, i-vc, i-SD, i-glucose kanye namanye amakhambi okukhiqiza amakhemikhali, okuqukethwe kwe-SS kuvame ukungabi ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokususa i-COD singaphezulu kwama-85% kuya ku-90%. Izinga lokususa i-Cod le-UASB eneziteji ezimbili lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%.
Indlela ye-UBF
Thenga i-Wenning et al. Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa kwenziwa ku-UASB ne-UBF. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-UBF inezimpawu zokudluliswa okuhle nokuhlukaniswa okuhle, imiphumela ehlukanisayo, izinhlobonhlobo ze-biomass nezinhlobo zemvelo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, nokuqina okuqinile kokuqina. I-Oksijini Bioreactor.
I-Hydrolysis kanye ne-acidization
Ithangi le-hydrolysis libizwa ngokuthi umbhede we-hydrolyzed upstream sludge embhedeni (husb) futhi iyi-UASB elungisiwe. Qhathanisa nethangi eligcwele le-anaerobic tank, ithangi le-hydrolysis linezinzuzo ezilandelayo: asikho isidingo sokubekwa uphawu, akukho ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba esithathu, okunciphisa izindleko futhi kusiza ukulungiswa; Ingadalula ama-macromolekcule kanye nezinto ezingezona eze-biodegradable ezi-organic ekuhambeni kwendle kuma-molecule amancane. Indaba ye-organic ye-biodegramable engenasici ithuthukisa i-biodegramability yamanzi aluhlaza; Ukusabela kuyashesha, ivolumu yethangi lincane, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyimali kuncane, futhi ivolumu ye-sludge incishisiwe. Eminyakeni yamuva, inqubo ye-hydrolysis-aerobic isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwelapheni kwamanzi amdaka amakhambi. Isibonelo, ifektri ye-biopharmaceutical isebenzisa i-hydrolytic acidization-acidical acidication inqubo yokuphatha amanzi amdaka emithi. Ukusebenza kuzinzile futhi umphumela we-organic ndaba wokususwa uyamangalisa. Amanani okususa amaCod, Bod5 SS nama-SS ayengama-90.7%, 92.4% no-87.6%, ngokulandelana.
Inqubo yokwelashwa ehlanganisiwe ye-Anaerobic-Aerobic
Njengoba ukwelashwa kwe-aerobic noma ukwelashwa kwe-anaerobic kuphela akunakuhlangabezana nezidingo, izinqubo ezihlanganisiwe ezinjenge-anaerobic-aerobic - ukwelashwa kwe-aucobic-aerobic Thuthukisa i-biodergadability, ukumelana nomthelela, izindleko zokutshala kanye nomphumela wokwelashwa kwamanzi angawadobi. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekusebenzeni kobunjiniyela ngenxa yokusebenza kwendlela yokucubungula eyodwa. Isibonelo, ifektri yezemithi isebenzisa inqubo ye-anaerobic-aerobic yokwelapha amanzi angcolile amakhemisi, isilinganiso sokususa i-bod5 singama-98%, isilinganiso sokususa i-COD singama-95%, futhi umphumela wokwelashwa uqinile. I-Micro-Electrolysis-Anaerobic Hydrolysis-Acidication Scbr Process isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lonke uchungechunge lwezinqubo lunokumelana nomthelela oqinile ocwaningweni lwekhwalithi ye-wastewater nenani, kanye nesilinganiso sokususa i-Cod, okuyindlela efanelekile yokuthola ama-92% wokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka amakhemisi. - I-Catalytic Oxidation - Inqubo yokuxhumana oxidation. Lapho i-Cod yethonya icishe ibe ngu-12 000 mg / l, i-cod of the effluent ingaphansi kwama-300 mg / l; Izinga lokususa le-COD kumanzi abukhali amakhemikhali abuya emshadweni aphathwe yi-biofilm-SBR angafinyelela kuma-87.5% ~ 98.31%, okuphezulu kakhulu kunalokho okukodwa kwendlela yokwelashwa kwendlela ye-biofilm nendlela ye-SBR.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-membrane, ukucwaninga kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-membrane bioreactor (MBR) ekwelashweni kwamanzi angcolile amakhemisi ayajule kancane kancane. I-MBR ihlanganisa izici ze-membrane degraction technology kanye nokwelashwa okungokwemvelo, futhi inezinzuzo zomthwalo omkhulu wevolumu, ukumelana nomthelela omkhulu, i-footprint encane, kanye ne-sludge encane eyakhayo. Inqubo ye-anaerobic membrane bioreattor yemali yayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-chloride ye-chlorate ephakathi ye-chlowageaceaceutical acid chlordide wastewater nge-COD ka-25 000 mg / l. Isilinganiso sokususa i-Cod sohlelo sihlala ngaphezulu kwe-90%. Ngokokuqala ngqa, amandla okuphambuka kumagciwane okungcola okuthile asetshenziswa. Ama-MEMBRANE EXTRANCANE BRANCANE BANCRANE asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile wezimboni aqukethe ama-3,4-dichlororoline. I-HRT yayingu-2 h, isilinganiso sokususa sifinyelele kuma-99%, futhi kwatholakala umphumela ofanele wezokwelapha. Naphezu kwenkinga yokulimazeka ye-membrane, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-membrane, i-MBR izosetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelashwa kwamanzi ezempi.
2. Inqubo yokwelashwa kanye nokukhethwa kwamanzi angcolile amakhemisi
Izici zekhwalithi yamanzi amanzi angcolile amakhemisi zizenza kungenzeki emanzi angcolile amakhemisi ukuba aphathwe ekwelashweni kwe-biochemical kuphela, ngakho-ke ukwenziwa okudingekayo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwe-biochemical. Ngokuvamile, ithangi elawula kufanele lisethwe ukuguqula ikhwalithi yamanzi nenani le-PH, kanye nendlela ye-physicochemical noma ye-physigheme kufanele isetshenziswe njengenqubo yokuhlehlisa lapho kunciphisa ama-SS, futhi kuthuthukise ukuwohloka kwamanzi angcolile. ukwenza lula ukwelashwa okulandelayo kwe-biochemical kwamanzi amdaka.
Amanzi angcolile abunjiwe angalashwa ngezinqubo ze-anaerobic ne-aerobic ngokuya ngezimpawu zekhwalithi yazo yamanzi. Uma izidingo ezisebenzayo ziphezulu, inqubo yokwelashwa ye-aerobic kufanele iqhubeke ngemuva kwenqubo yokwelashwa kwe-aerobic. Ukukhethwa kwenqubo ethile kufanele ubheke ngokuphelele izici ezinjengohlobo lwamanzi amdaka, umphumela wezokwelapha inqubo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda, kanye nokusebenza nokwenza ubuchwepheshe kungenzeki futhi kwezomnotho. Yonke indlela inqubo yenqubo iyinqubo ehlanganisiwe yokuhlehlisa - i-anaerobic-aerobic- (ukwelashwa kwangemva kwalokho). Inqubo ehlanganisiwe ye-hydrolysis adsorption-othintana nani oxidation-filtration isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi aphelele amakhemisi aqukethe i-insulin yokufakelwa.
3. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziwusizo emanzi angcolile amakhemisi
Khuthaza ukukhiqizwa okuhlanzekile embonini yezemithi, uthuthukise izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, izinga lokutakula eliphelele lemikhiqizo eliphakathi nemikhiqizo, futhi unciphise noma uqede ukungcoliswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yenqubo ethile yokukhiqizwa kwemithi, amanzi angcolile aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto zokwakha kabusha. Ngokwelashwa kwamanzi alolokhiswe amakhemisi, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisa ukululama ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo nokusetshenziswa okuphelele. Kuma-wasdium aphakathi nendawo angenamkhawulo we-wasmediate ne-ammonium usawoti okuqukethwe kungama-5% kuye kwayi-10%, kusetshenziselwa i-wither ye-wiper ye-wiper, i-crystallization ukuze alulame (NH4) 2SO4 ne-NH4NO3 enengxenye enkulu ye-30%. Sebenzisa umanyolo noma usebenzise kabusha. Izinzuzo zezomnotho zisobala; Inkampani yezobuchwepheshe ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe isebenzisa indlela yokuhlanza yokwelapha amanzi amdaka akhiqiza ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-formaldehyde. Ngemuva kokuthi igesi ye-formaldehyde itholakele, ingahlelwa ibe yi-reaglent ye-formalin noma ishiswe njengomthombo wokushisa we-boiler. Ngokuthola kabusha i-formaldehyde, ukusetshenziswa okuzinzile kwezinsizakusebenza kungabonakala, kanye nezindleko zokutshala imali zesiteshi sokwelashwa kungatholwa kungakapheli iminyaka emi-4 kuye kwayi-5, kubona ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzuzo zemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwamanzi angcolile amakhemisi kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunzima ukuphinda akwenze kabusha, inqubo yokubuyisa iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izindleko ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa okuthe xaxa nokwenziwe kahle kokwelashwa kwendle kuyisihluthulelo sokuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokuthuthwa kwendle.
4 Isiphetho
Kube nemibiko eminingi ekwelapheni kwamanzi amdaka amakhambi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwehlukahluka kwezinto zokwenziwa kanye nezinqubo embonini yezemithi, ikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile ziyehluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela yokwelashwa evuthiwe futhi ehlanganisiwe yamanzi angcolile amakhemisi. Iyiphi indlela yokukhetha okufanele ukhethe kuyo kuncike emanzini amdaka. imvelo. Ngokwesici samanzi amdaka, ukwenziwa sengathi kudingeka ukuthuthukisa i-biodegradeability yamanzi amdaka, ekugcineni asuse ukungcola, bese uhlangana nokwelashwa kwe-biochemical. Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwensiza yokwelashwa yamanzi yezomnotho neyokusebenza ngempumelelo kuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe.
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I-Odm Factory China Pam, Anionic PolyAcrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, inkampani yethu isebenza ngomgomo wokusebenza "osuselwa ekubukeni, ukubambisana, ukubambisana kwabantu abanembile". Siyethemba ukuthi singaba nobudlelwano obunobungani nosomabhizinisi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-15-2022