Amanzi angcolile embonini eyenza imithi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amanzi angcolile akhiqiza ama-antibiotic kanye namanzi angcolile okwenziwa kokwenziwa kwezidakamizwa. Amanzi angcolile embonini eyenza imithi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa izigaba ezine: amanzi angcolile okukhiqizwa kwama-antibiotic, amanzi angcolile okwenziwa kokwenziwa kwezidakamizwa, ukukhiqizwa kwemithi egunyazwe ngamaShayina amanzi angcolile, amanzi okugeza nokugeza amanzi angcolile aphuma ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa. Amanzi angcolile abonakala ngokubunjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-organic, ubuthi obuphezulu, umbala ojulile, okuqukethwe kukasawoti omningi, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezimbi ze-biochemical kanye nokuphuma ngezikhathi ezithile. Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini okunzima ukuwaphatha. Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezemithi yezwe lami, amanzi angcolile emithi kancane kancane asephenduke enye yemithombo ebalulekile yokungcola.
1. Indlela yokwelapha amanzi angcolile enziwe ngemithi
Izindlela zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile emithi zingafingqwa ngokuthi: ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa okuhlangene kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene, indlela yokwelapha ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba namakhemikhali
Ngokuya ngezici zekhwalithi yamanzi zamanzi angcolile emithi, ukwelashwa kwe-physicochemical kudinga ukusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwangaphambili noma inqubo yangemuva kokwelashwa yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa njengamanje ngokomzimba namakhemikhali ikakhulukazi zifaka ukuhlangana, ukuntanta komoya, i-adsorption, ukukhumula i-ammonia, i-electrolysis, ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion kanye nokuhlukaniswa kolwelwesi.
i-coagulation
Lobu buchwepheshe buyindlela yokwelapha amanzi esetshenziswa kabanzi ekhaya naphesheya. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelashweni nangemuva kokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezokwelapha, njenge-aluminium sulfate ne-polyferric sulfate emanzini angcolile emithi yesiShayina. Isihluthulelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-coagulation ukukhetha okulungile nokwengezwa kwama-coagulants ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuqondiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwama-coagulants kushintshile kusuka kuma-polymers aphansi kuya kuma-polymers aphezulu, futhi kusukela entweni eyodwa kuya ekusebenzeni kwenhlanganisela [3]. U-Liu Minghua et al. [4] iphathe i-COD, i-SS kanye ne-chromaticity yoketshezi olulahlwayo nge-pH engu-6.5 kanye nomthamo we-flocculant ongu-300 mg/L nge-flocculant eyinhlanganisela esebenza kahle kakhulu engu-F-1. Amazinga okususwa abengu-69.7%, 96.4% no-87.5%, ngokulandelana.
ukuntanta komoya
I-air flotation ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezifana ne-aeration air flotation, i-air flotation encibilikile, i-chemical air flotation, kanye ne-electrolytic air flotation. I-Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa idivayisi ye-CAF vortex air flotation ukuze ikhiphe amanzi angcolile emithi. Izinga elijwayelekile lokususwa kwe-COD lilinganiselwa ku-25% ngamakhemikhali afanelekile.
indlela ye-adsorption
Ama-adsorbent asetshenziswa kakhulu yikhabhoni ecushiwe, amalahle acushiwe, i-humic acid, i-adsorption resin, njll. I-Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa i-adsorption yomlotha wamalahle - inqubo yesibili yokwelapha yebhayoloji ye-aerobic ukwelapha amanzi angcolile. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD le-adsorption pretreatment lalingu-41.1%, futhi isilinganiso se-BOD5/COD sathuthukiswa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Membrane
Ubuchwepheshe be-Membrane buhlanganisa i-osmosis ehlehlayo, i-nanofiltration ne-fiber membranes ukuze kubuyiselwe izinto eziwusizo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Izici eziyinhloko zalobu buchwepheshe ziyimishini elula, ukusebenza okulula, akukho shintsho lwesigaba kanye noshintsho lwamakhemikhali, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula okuphezulu nokonga amandla. UJuanna et al. wasebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration ukuhlukanisa amanzi angcolile e-cinnamycin. Kwatholakala ukuthi umphumela ovimbelayo we-lincomycin kuma-microorganisms emanzini angcolile wehlisiwe, futhi i-cinnamycin yatholakala.
i-electrolysis
Indlela inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusebenza okulula nokunye okunjalo, futhi umphumela we-electrolytic decolorization muhle. U-Li Ying [8] wenze i-electrolytic pretreatment ku-riboflavin supernatant, futhi amazinga okususwa kwe-COD, SS kanye ne-chroma afinyelela ku-71%, 83% no-67%, ngokulandelana.
ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-reagents athile kungenzeka kubangele ukungcoliswa kwesibili kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi ofanele wocwaningo lokuhlola kufanele wenziwe ngaphambi kokuklama. Izindlela zamakhemikhali zifaka indlela ye-iron-carbon, indlela ye-chemical redox (i-Fenton reagent, i-H2O2, i-O3), ubuchwepheshe be-oxidation ejulile, njll.
Indlela ye-iron carbon
Ukusebenza kwezimboni kukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-Fe-C njengesinyathelo sokuhlanza ngaphambili kwamanzi angcolile ekhemisi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezingcolile. I-Lou Maoxing isebenzisa ukwelapha okuhlanganisiwe kwe-iron-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emithi ephakathi kwemithi efana ne-erythromycin ne-ciprofloxacin. Izinga lokususwa kwe-COD ngemva kokwelashwa ngensimbi nekhabhoni lalingama-20%. %, futhi ukungcola kokugcina kuthobelana nezinga likazwelonke lesigaba sokuqala “I-Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard” (GB8978-1996).
Ukucutshungulwa kwe-reagent ye-Fenton
Inhlanganisela kasawoti ayoni kanye ne-H2O2 ibizwa ngokuthi i-Fenton's reagent, engasusa ngempumelelo i-organic refractory engakwazi ukususwa ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ngokujula kocwaningo, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), i-oxalate (C2O42-), njll. yethulwa ku-reagent ka-Fenton, eyalithuthukisa kakhulu ikhono le-oxidation. Kusetshenziswa i-TiO2 njenge-catalyst kanye nelambu le-9W low-pressure mercury njengomthombo wokukhanya, amanzi angcolile ekhemisi alashwa nge-reagent ye-Fenton, izinga lokukhipha umbala lalingu-100%, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lalingu-92.3%, kanye nenhlanganisela ye-nitrobenzene yehla isuka ku-8.05mg /L. 0.41 mg/L.
I-oxidation
Indlela ingathuthukisa ukubola kwamanzi angcolile futhi inezinga elingcono lokususwa kwe-COD. Isibonelo, amanzi angcolile amathathu alwa namagciwane afana ne-Balcioglu aphathwa nge-ozone oxidation. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-ozonation yamanzi angcolile ayizange ikhulise isilinganiso se-BOD5/COD kuphela, kodwa futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lalingaphezu kwama-75%.
Ubuchwepheshe be-oxidation
Okwaziwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-oxidation obuphambili, buletha ndawonye imiphumela yocwaningo yakamuva yokukhanya kwesimanje, ugesi, umsindo, uzibuthe, izinto zokwakha nezinye iziyalo ezifanayo, okuhlanganisa i-electrochemical oxidation, i-oxidation emanzi, i-supercritical water oxidation, i-photocatalytic oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwe-ultrasonic. Phakathi kwazo, ubuchwepheshe be-ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation bunobuhle bokusha, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi akukho ukukhetha emanzini angcolile, futhi kulungele ikakhulukazi ukucekelwa phansi kwama-hydrocarbon angagcwele. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokwelapha njengemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukushisa, nokucindezela, ukwelashwa nge-ultrasonic yezinto eziphilayo kuqondile futhi kudinga imishini encane. Njengohlobo olusha lokwelapha, ukunakwa okwengeziwe sekukhokhelwe. U-Xiao Guangquan et al. [13] usebenzise indlela yokuxhumana ye-ultrasonic-aerobic biological ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emithi. Ukwelashwa kwe-Ultrasonic kwenziwa ngamasekhondi angu-60 futhi amandla ayengama-200 w, futhi inani eliphelele lokususwa kwe-COD yamanzi angcolile lalingu-96%.
Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali
Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha amakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo buwubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu bokwelapha amanzi angcolile ngokwemithi, okuhlanganisa indlela yebhayoloji ye-aerobic, indlela yebhayoloji ye-anaerobic, kanye nendlela ehlanganisiwe ye-aerobic-anaerobic.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Aerobic biological
Njengoba amanzi angcolile amaningi enziwe ngemithi engamanzi angcolile agxile kakhulu ezinto eziphilayo, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlanjululwe isixazululo sesitoko ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwebhayoloji ye-aerobic. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, amanzi angcolile angaphathwa nge-biochemically, futhi kunzima ukuwakhipha ngokuqondile kuze kufike ezingeni elijwayelekile ngemva kokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aerobic kuphela. Zimbalwa izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo futhi ukwelapha kusengaphambili okuvamile kuyadingeka. Izindlela zokwelapha zebhayoloji ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka indlela ye-sludge ecushiwe, indlela ye-deep well aeration, indlela ye-adsorption biodegradation (indlela ye-AB), indlela ye-oxidation yokuxhumana, ukulandelana kwendlela ye-batch ecushiwe ye-sludge (indlela ye-SBR), ukuzungeza indlela ye-sludge ecushiwe, njll. (indlela ye-CASS) nokunye.
Indlela yokungenisa umoya ejulile
Ukungenisa umoya ojulile kuwuhlelo lodaka olusebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu. Indlela inezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo, indawo encane yaphansi, umphumela omuhle wokwelapha, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, akukho ukugcwala kodaka kanye nokukhiqizwa okuncane kodaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wawo wokushisa oshisayo muhle, futhi ukwelashwa akuthinteki izimo zezulu, ezingaqinisekisa umphumela wokwelashwa kwendle ebusika ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi angcolile asezingeni eliphezulu aphuma eNyakatho-mpumalanga Yekhemisi Yekhemisi elashwe ngamakhemikhali ethangi elijulile lokungenisa umoya, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lafinyelela ku-92.7%. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kuphezulu kakhulu, okuzuzisa kakhulu ekucubunguleni okulandelayo. dlala indima ewujuqu.
Indlela ye-AB
Indlela ye-AB iyindlela ye-sludge eyenziwe yasebenza ephezulu kakhulu. Izinga lokususwa kwe-BOD5, COD, SS, phosphorus kanye ne-ammonia nitrogen ngenqubo ye-AB ngokuvamile liphakeme kunalelo lenqubo yodaka ecushiwe evamile. Izinzuzo zayo ezivelele umthwalo omkhulu wesigaba esingu-A, umthamo oqinile wokulwa nokushaqeka, kanye nomthelela omkhulu wokubhafa kunani le-pH nezinto ezinobuthi. Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukwelapha indle ngokugxila okuphezulu kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu kukhwalithi yamanzi kanye nobuningi. Indlela kaYang Junshi et al. isebenzisa indlela yebhayoloji ye-hydrolysis acidification-AB ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emithi elwa namagciwane, anohlelo olufushane lokugeleza, ukonga amandla, futhi izindleko zokwelashwa ziphansi kunendlela yokwelapha ye-chemical flocculation-biological yamanzi angcolile afanayo.
i-biological contact oxidation
Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa izinzuzo zendlela ye-sludge ecushiwe kanye nendlela ye-biofilm, futhi inezinzuzo zomthwalo wevolumu ephezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-sludge ephansi, ukumelana nomthelela onamandla, ukusebenza kwenqubo ezinzile kanye nokuphatha okulula. Amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenzisa indlela enezigaba ezimbili, ehlose ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezibusayo ezigabeni ezihlukene, anikeze umdlalo ogcwele emthelela wokusebenzisana phakathi kwezibalo ezihlukene zamagciwane, futhi athuthukise imiphumela yamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka. Ebunjiniyela, ukugaya kwe-anaerobic kanye ne-asidi kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokwelashwa, futhi inqubo yokuthinta i-oxidation isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emithi. I-Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory yamukela inqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-acidification-izinyathelo ezimbili ze-biological contact oxidation ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ekhemisi. Imiphumela yokusebenza ibonisa ukuthi umphumela wokwelapha uzinzile futhi inhlanganisela yenqubo inengqondo. Ngokukhula kancane kancane kobuchwepheshe benqubo, izinkambu zokufaka izicelo zibanzi kakhulu
Indlela ye-SBR
Indlela ye-SBR inezinzuzo zokumelana nomthwalo oqinile wokushaqeka, umsebenzi ophezulu we-sludge, isakhiwo esilula, asikho isidingo sokubuyela emuva, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, ukunyathela okuncane, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi, ukusebenza okuzinzile, izinga eliphezulu lokususwa kwe-substrate, kanye ne-denitrification enhle nokususwa kwe-phosphorus. . Amanzi angcolile aguquguqukayo. Ukuhlolwa kokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile emithi ngenqubo ye-SBR kubonisa ukuthi isikhathi sokungenisa umoya sinethonya elikhulu emthelela wokwelapha wenqubo; ukumiswa kwezigaba ze-anoxic, ikakhulukazi ukuklama okuphindaphindiwe kwe-anaerobic ne-aerobic, kungathuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokwelapha; ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-SBR kwe-PAC Inqubo ingathuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokususwa kwesistimu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, le nqubo iye yaba iphelele kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile emithi.
I-Anaerobic Biological Treatment
Njengamanje, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ane-organic agxile kakhulu ekhaya naphesheya ikakhulukazi kusekelwe endleleni ye-anaerobic, kodwa i-COD engcolile isephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa ngendlela ehlukile ye-anaerobic, futhi ukwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa (njengokwelashwa kwe-aerobic biological) ngokuvamile kuvame. okudingekayo. Njengamanje, kusadingeka ukuqinisa Ukuthuthukiswa nokuklanywa kwama-anaerobic reactors asebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nocwaningo olunzulu ngezimo zokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphumelele kakhulu ekwelashweni kwamanzi angcolile ngokwemithi i-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), I-Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), i-Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), i-hydrolysis, njll.
Umthetho we-UASB
I-reactor ye-UASB inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kokugaya ukudla kwe-anaerobic, isakhiwo esilula, isikhathi esifushane sokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic, futhi asikho isidingo sedivayisi ehlukile yokubuyisela udaka. Uma i-UASB isetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-kanamycin, i-chlorin, i-VC, i-SD, i-glucose namanye amanzi angcolile okukhiqizwa kwemithi, okuqukethwe kwe-SS ngokuvamile akubi kakhulu kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lingaphezu kuka-85% kuya ku-90%. Izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lochungechunge lwezigaba ezimbili ze-UASB lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%.
Indlela ye-UBF
Thenga u-Wenning et al. Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa kwenziwa ku-UASB naku-UBF. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-UBF inezici zomphumela omuhle wokudluliswa kwenqwaba kanye nokuhlukanisa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-biomass ne-biological, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula okuphezulu, nokuzinza okuqinile kokusebenza. I-oxygen bioreactor.
I-Hydrolysis kanye ne-acidification
Ithangi le-hydrolysis libizwa ngokuthi i-Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) futhi iyi-UASB eguquliwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-tank ye-anaerobic egcwele inqubo, ithangi le-hydrolysis linezinzuzo ezilandelayo: asikho isidingo sokuvala uphawu, akukho ukugubha, akukho isihlukanisi sezigaba ezintathu, okunciphisa izindleko futhi kusiza ukugcinwa; ingakwazi ukuthunaza ama-macromolecules kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezingaboli emanzini endle zibe ama-molecule amancane. I-biodegradable organic matter kalula ithuthukisa ukubola kwamanzi aluhlaza; ukusabela kuyashesha, umthamo wethangi mncane, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokwakhiwa kwenhloko-dolobha kuncane, futhi umthamo we-sludge uyancipha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inqubo ye-hydrolysis-aerobic isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile emithi. Isibonelo, imboni ye-biopharmaceutical isebenzisa inqubo ye-hydrolytic acidification-izigaba ezimbili zebiological contact oxidation ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ekhemisi. Ukusebenza kuzinzile futhi umphumela wokususwa kwezinto eziphilayo uyamangalisa. Amazinga okususwa kwe-COD, BOD5 SS kanye ne-SS abengu-90.7%, 92.4% no-87.6%, ngokulandelana.
Inqubo yokwelapha ehlanganisiwe ye-Anaerobic-aerobic
Njengoba ukwelashwa kwe-aerobic noma ukwelashwa kwe-anaerobic kukodwa kungenakuhlangabezana nezidingo, izinqubo ezihlanganisiwe ezifana ne-anaerobic-aerobic, i-hydrolytic acidification-aerobic treatment ithuthukisa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukumelana nomthelela, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nomthelela wokwelapha amanzi angcolile. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emisebenzini yobunjiniyela ngenxa yokusebenza kwendlela eyodwa yokucubungula. Isibonelo, imboni eyenza imithi isebenzisa inqubo ye-anaerobic-aerobic ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emithi, izinga lokususwa kwe-BOD5 liyi-98%, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD li-95%, futhi umphumela wokwelapha uzinzile. Inqubo ye-Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification-SBR isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi lonke uchungechunge lwezinqubo lunamandla okumelana nomthelela ekushintsheni kwekhwalithi yamanzi angcolile kanye nenani, futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lingafinyelela ku-86% kuya ku-92%, okuyindlela efanelekile yokukhethwa kokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile afakwe imithi. - I-Catalytic Oxidation - Xhumana Nenqubo Ye-oxidation. Uma i-COD yomuntu othintekayo icishe ibe yi-12 000 mg/L, i-COD yamanzi angcolile ingaphansi kuka-300 mg/L; izinga lokususwa kwe-COD emanzini angcolile emithi aphikisayo aphathwa ngendlela ye-biofilm-SBR ingafinyelela ku-87.5%~98.31%, ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yokusetshenziswa okukodwa Umphumela wokwelapha wendlela ye-biofilm kanye nendlela ye-SBR.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-membrane, ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwe-membrane bioreactor (MBR) ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile okwenziwa yimithi luye lwajula kancane kancane. I-MBR ihlanganisa izici zobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi nokwelashwa kwebhayoloji, futhi inezinzuzo zomthwalo wevolumu ephezulu, ukumelana nomthelela oqinile, umkhondo omncane, kanye nodaka oluncane olusalayo. Inqubo ye-anaerobic membrane bioreactor yasetshenziswa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-acid chloride ephakathi kwemithi nge-COD engu-25 000 mg/L. Izinga le-COD lokususwa kwesistimu lihlala lingaphezulu kwama-90%. Ngokokuqala ngqá, kwasetshenziswa ikhono lokubopha amagciwane ukuze linciphise izinto ezithile eziphilayo. Ama-bioreactors olwelwesi olukhiphayo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini aqukethe i-3,4-dichloroaniline. I-HRT yayingamahora angu-2, izinga lokususwa lafinyelela ku-99%, futhi umphumela wokwelapha ofanelekile watholwa. Naphezu kwenkinga yokungcoliswa kwe-membrane, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-membrane, i-MBR izosetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngemithi.
2. Inqubo yokwelapha kanye nokukhethwa kwamanzi angcolile emithi
Izici zekhwalithi zamanzi zamanzi angcolile atholakala ekhemisi zenza kungenzeki ukuthi amanzi amaningi angcolile atholakala enziwe imithi aphathwe ngamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ewodwa, ngakho ukwelapha kusengaphambili okudingekayo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuvamile, ithangi elilawulayo kufanele limiswe ukuze kulungiswe izinga lamanzi kanye nenani le-pH, futhi indlela ye-physicochemical noma yamakhemikhali kufanele isetshenziswe njengendlela yokwelapha kusengaphambili ngokwesimo sangempela ukuze kuncishiswe i-SS, usawoti kanye nengxenye ye-COD emanzini, ukunciphisa. izinto eziphilayo ezivimbelayo emanzini angcolile, futhi zithuthukise ukuwohloka kwamanzi angcolile. ukwenza lula ukwelashwa okwalandela kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kwamanzi angcolile.
Amanzi angcolile afakwe ngaphambilini angelashwa ngezinqubo ze-anaerobic kanye ne-aerobic ngokuya nezici zekhwalithi yamanzi. Uma izidingo zamanzi angcolile ziphezulu, inqubo yokwelashwa kwe-aerobic kufanele iqhutshwe ngemva kwenqubo yokwelashwa kwe-aerobic. Ukukhethwa kwenqubo ethile kufanele kucabangele ngokujulile izici ezifana nesimo samanzi angcolile, umthelela wokwelapha wenqubo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kungqalasizinda, kanye nokusebenza nokunakekelwa ukuze kwenziwe ubuchwepheshe bube nokwenzeka futhi buyonga. Wonke umzila wenqubo uyinqubo ehlanganisiwe yokwelapha-i-anaerobic-aerobic-(ngemuva kokwelashwa). Inqubo ehlanganisiwe ye-hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emithi aqukethe i-insulin yokwenziwa.
3. Ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziwusizo emanzini angcolile ekhemisi
Ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa okuhlanzekile embonini yemithi, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinga eliphelele lokutholwa kwemikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo kanye nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo, kanye nokunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukungcoliswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ngoguquko lobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yemininingwane yezinqubo ezithile zokukhiqiza imithi, amanzi angcolile aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha. Ukwelashwa kwalawo manzi angcolile enziwe ngemithi, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisa ukubuyiswa kwezinto kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele. Emanzini angcolile aphakathi kwemithi anosawoti we-ammonium afinyelela ku-5% kuya ku-10%, ifilimu ye-wiper engaguquki isetshenziselwa ukuhwamuka, ukugxilisa ingqondo kanye ne-crystallization ukuze ululame (NH4) 2SO4 kanye ne-NH4NO3 enengxenye enkulu engaba ngu-30%. Sebenzisa njengomanyolo noma usebenzise kabusha. Izinzuzo zezomnotho zisobala; inkampani eyenza imithi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu isebenzisa indlela yokuhlanza ukwelapha amanzi angcolile akhiqizwayo ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-formaldehyde. Ngemva kokuba igesi ye-formaldehyde isitholakele, ingakhiwa ibe yi-reagent ye-formalin noma ishiswe njengomthombo wokushisa kubhayela. Ngokutholwa kwe-formaldehyde, ukusetshenziswa okusimeme kwezinsiza kungafezeka, futhi izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zesiteshi sokwelapha zingabuyiswa phakathi neminyaka emi-4 kuya kwemi-5, kuqashelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzuzo zemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwamanzi angcolile okwenziwa kwemithi kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunzima ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha, inqubo yokutakula iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izindleko ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokukhuculula indle buyisihluthulelo sokuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokukhucululwa kwendle.
4 Isiphetho
Kube nemibiko eminingi mayelana nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile enziwe ngemithi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nezinqubo embonini yezemithi, izinga lamanzi angcolile liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela yokwelapha evuthiwe futhi ebumbene yamanzi angcolile enziwe ngemithi. Imuphi umzila wenqubo ongawukhetha uncike emanzini angcolile. imvelo. Ngokwezici zamanzi angcolile, ukugezwa kusengaphambili ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubola kwamanzi angcolile, ekuqaleni kukhishwe ukungcola, bese kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa komshini wokuhlanza amanzi oyinhlanganisela ukonga futhi osebenzayo kuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe.
IfekthriI-China ChemicalI-Anionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan, Chitosan Powder, ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuphuza, i-water decoloring ejenti, i-dadmac, i-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, i-dicyandiamide, i-dcda, i-defoamer, i-antifoam, i-pac, i-poly aluminium chloride, i-polylectrolylamide , pdadmac, polyamine, Asigcini nje ngokuletha ikhwalithi ephezulu kubathengi bethu, kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu umhlinzeki wethu omkhulu kanye nentengo yokuthengisa enolaka.
I-ODM Factory China PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Inkampani yethu isebenza ngesimiso sokusebenza “sokususelwe kubuqotho, ukubambisana okudaliwe, okugxile kubantu, ukubambisana okuphumelelayo”. Sithemba ukuthi singaba nobudlelwano obunobungane nosomabhizinisi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2022