I-Flocculantngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "i-industrial panacea", enezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Njengendlela yokuqinisa ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi, ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisa imvula eyinhloko yendle, ukwelashwa kwe-flotation kanye nemvula yesibili ngemva kokucushwa kwendlela yodaka. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwemfundo ephakeme noma ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe kwendle. Ekwelashweni kwamanzi, kuvame ukuba nezinto ezithile ezithinta umphumela wokuhlangana (umthamo wamakhemikhali), lezi zici ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lamanzi, inani le-pH kanye ne-alkalinity, imvelo kanye nokugxila kokungcola emanzini, izimo zangaphandle zokongiwa kwamanzi, njll. .
1. Ithonya lokushisa kwamanzi
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi linomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa, kanye namanzi okushisa aphansi ebusika
kunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa, okuvame ukuholela ekwakhekeni kancane kwama-flocs anezinhlayiya ezincane nezixekethile. Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi:
I-hydrolysis yama-coagulants kasawoti we-inorganic iwukusabela kwe-endothermic, futhi i-hydrolysis yama-coagulants wamanzi okushisa aphansi kunzima.
I-viscosity yamanzi ezinga lokushisa eliphansi inkulu, eyenza buthaka ukunyakaza kwe-Brownian kwezinhlayiya zokungcola
amanzi futhi kunciphisa ithuba lokungqubuzana, okungahambisani nokuchithwa nokuhlanganiswa kwama-colloid futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwama-flocs.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, i-hydration yezinhlayiya ze-colloidal iyathuthukiswa, okuvimbela ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal, futhi kuthinta amandla okunamathela phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihlobene ne-pH yamanzi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, inani le-pH lamanzi liyakhuphuka, futhi inani le-pH elifanele elihambisanayo lokuhlangana nalo lizokhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ebusika ezindaweni ezibandayo, kunzima ukuthola umphumela omuhle we-coagulation ngisho noma inani elikhulu le-coagulant lengeziwe.
2. pH kanye ne-Alkalinity
Inani le-pH liyinkomba yokuthi ingabe amanzi ane-acidic noma ane-alkaline, okusho ukuthi, inkomba yokugxila kwe-H+ emanzini. Inani le-pH lamanzi aluhlaza lithinta ngokuqondile ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis ye-coagulant, okungukuthi, lapho inani le-pH lamanzi aluhlaza lingaphakathi kwebanga elithile, umphumela wokuhlangana ungaqinisekiswa.
Lapho i-coagulant yengezwa emanzini, ukugxila kwe-H + emanzini kuyanda ngenxa ye-hydrolysis ye-coagulant, okwenza inani le-pH lamanzi lehle futhi livimbele i-hydrolysis. Ukugcina i-pH ingaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, amanzi kufanele abe nezinto ezanele ezine-alkali ukuze enze i-H+ ingabi namandla. Amanzi emvelo aqukethe izinga elithile le-alkalinity (ngokuvamile i-HCO3-), enganciphisa i-H+ ekhiqizwa phakathi ne-hydrolysis ye-coagulant, futhi ibe nomthelela wokuphazamisa inani le-pH. Uma i-alkalinity yamanzi aluhlaza inganele noma i-coagulant yengezwe kakhulu, inani le-pH lamanzi lizokwehla kakhulu, libhubhise umphumela wokuhlanganisa.
3. Umthelela wemvelo kanye nokugcwala kokungcola emanzini
Usayizi wezinhlayiyana nokukhokhiswa kwe-SS emanzini kuzothinta umphumela wokuhlangana. Ngokuvamile, i-diameter yezinhlayiyana incane futhi ifana, futhi umphumela we-coagulation mubi; ukugxila kwezinhlayiyana emanzini kuphansi, futhi amathuba okushayisana kwezinhlayiyana mancane, angalungile ekuhlanganiseni; lapho i-turbidity inkulu, ukuze kuphazamiseke i-colloid emanzini, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okudingekayo kuzokwanda kakhulu. Uma inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo zikhona emanzini, zingakhangiswa yizinhlayiya zobumba, ngaleyo ndlela ziguqule izici ezingaphezulu zezinhlayiya zokuqala ze-colloidal, okwenza izinhlayiya ze-colloidal zizinze, okuzothinta kakhulu umphumela we-coagulation. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-oxidant kumele yengezwe emanzini ukuze ibhubhise umphumela wezinto eziphilayo, ithuthukise umphumela we-coagulation.
Usawoti oncibilikisiwe emanzini nawo ungathinta umphumela we-coagulation. Isibonelo, lapho inani elikhulu le-calcium ne-magnesium ion likhona emanzini emvelo, likhuthaza ukuhlangana, kuyilapho inani elikhulu le-Cl- alihambisani nokuhlangana. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, amanzi anodaka oluningi aqukethe i-humus amaningi angena esitshalweni ngenxa yokukhuculwa kwamanzi emvula, futhi umthamo wangaphambi kwe-chlorination kanye ne-coagulant ovame ukusetshenziswa usekelwe kulokhu.
4. Umthelela wezimo zangaphandle zokonga amanzi
Izimo eziyisisekelo zokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ze-colloidal ziwukuthunaza izinhlayiya ze-colloidal, nokwenza izinhlayiya ze-colloidal ezingasebenzi zishayisane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-coagulant ukuphazamisa izinhlayiya ze-colloidal, futhi ukuphazamiseka kwe-hydraulic yangaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-colloidal zingathintana ngokugcwele ne-coagulant, ukuze izinhlayiya ze-colloidal zishayisane ukuze zenze ama-flocs.
Ukuze wenze izinhlayiya ze-colloidal zixhumane ngokugcwele ne-coagulant, i-coagulant kufanele ihlakazeke ngokushesha futhi ngokufanayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wamanzi ngemva kokuba i-coagulant ifakwe emanzini, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuxuba okusheshayo, okudingekayo phakathi kuka-10 kuya ku-30. imizuzwana futhi ungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-2 kakhulu.
5. Umthelela womthwalo womthelela wamanzi
Ukushaqeka kwamanzi kusho ukushaqeka kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile noma okungewona wezikhathi ezithile wamanzi aluhlaza, ashintsha ngokuzumayo kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi emadolobheni emiseleni yamanzi kanye nokulungiswa komthamo wamanzi akhuphuka nomfula kuzothinta amanzi angena esitshalweni, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuphakelwa kwamanzi esiphezulu ehlobo, okwenza amanzi angena esitshalweni ashintshe kakhulu, okuholela ekulungisweni komthamo njalo. yamakhemikhali. Futhi umphumela wamanzi ngemva kokucwila awulungile kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu shintsho alukhuphuki ngokulandelana. Ngemuva kwalokho, qaphela ukubheka i-alum ethangini lokusabela, ukuze ungabhubhisi umphumela we-coagulation ngenxa yomthamo oweqile.
6. I-Flocculantizindlela zokonga
Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezingenhla, kuphinde kube nezinyathelo ezithile zokonga izidakamizwa, njengokwandisa inani lezikhathi zokunyakaziswa echibini le-liquid, ukunciphisa imvula yezinhlayiya eziqinile zomuthi, ukusimamisa umuthi, nokusindisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
Uma i-polyacrylamide ifuna ukonga izindleko ezisetshenziswayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha imodeli efanelekile. Umgomo uwukukhetha i-polyacrylamide enomphumela wokwelapha ongcono kakhulu, obizayo akuwona neze ongcono kakhulu, futhi ungazami ukushibhile ukuze ubangele umphumela omubi wokwelapha amanzi angcolile, kodwa wandise izindleko. Khetha i-ejenti engagcini nje ukunciphisa umswakama we-sludge, kodwa futhi yehlisa umthamo we-agent yeyunithi. Yenza izivivinyo ze-flocculation kumasampula emithi anikeziwe, khetha izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zemithi enemiphumela emihle yokuhlola, bese wenza ukuhlolwa okusemshinini ngokulandelanayo ukuze ubone umphumela wokugcina wodaka futhi unqume uhlobo lokugcina lwemithi.
I-Polyacrylamide ngokuvamile iyizinhlayiya eziqinile. Idinga ukulungiswa ibe yisisombululo se-aqueous esinokuncibilika okuthile. Ukugxila kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-0.1% no-0.3%. Ukugxila kakhulu noma kuzacile kakhulu kuzothinta umphumela, kumoshe umuthi, kukhuphule izindleko, futhi kuhlakaze i-polymerization eyimbudumbudu. Amanzi ento kufanele ahlanzeke (njengamanzi kampompi), hhayi indle. Amanzi asezingeni lokushisa anele, ngokuvamile akukho ukushisisa okudingekayo. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphansi kuka-5 °C, ukuchithwa kuhamba kancane, futhi isivinini sokuchithwa siyasheshisa lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka. Kodwa ngaphezu kuka-40 ℃ kuzosheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-polymer futhi kuthinte umphumela wokusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, amanzi kampompi afaneleka ukulungiselela izixazululo ze-polymer. I-asidi enamandla, i-alkali enamandla, amanzi anosawoti amaningi awafanele ukulungiswa.
Qaphela isikhathi sokuphulukisa ekulungiseleleni i-ejenti, ukuze i-ejenti ihlakazwe ngokugcwele emanzini futhi ingahlanganisi, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ibangele imfucuza kuphela, kodwa futhi ithinte umphumela wokukhiqiza udaka. Indwangu yokuhlunga kanye nepayipi nakho kujwayele ukuvaleka, okuholela ekumoshweni okuphindaphindiwe. Uma sekwenziwe isixazululo, isikhathi sokugcina sinqunyelwe. Ngokuvamile, lapho ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo kungu-0.1%, isisombululo se-polymer engeyona i-anionic akufanele sidlule isonto elilodwa, futhi isisombululo se-polymer ye-cationic akufanele sidlule usuku olulodwa.
Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-ejenti, ngesikhathi senqubo ye-dosing, qaphela ukuguqulwa kwekhwalithi yodaka kanye nomphumela wodaka, futhi ulungise umthamo we-ejenti ngesikhathi ukuze uzuze isilinganiso esingcono se-dosing.
Umuthi kufanele ugcinwe endaweni eyomile, futhi isikhwama semithi kufanele sivalwe. Uma usebenzisa, sebenzisa ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi uvale umuthi ongasetshenzisiwe ukuze ugweme umswakama. Ekulungiseni imithi, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kungalungiseki ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi uketshezi olubekwe isikhathi eside lufakwa kalula nge-hydrolyzed futhi alusakwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Imishini eqhutshwa kahle, izisebenzi eziholayo ezingochwepheshe, nezinsizakalo ezingcono zangemuva kokuthengisa; Futhi siwumndeni omkhulu obumbene, noma ubani ohlala nenhlangano unenani elithi "ukuhlanganisa, ukuzimisela, ukubekezelelana" ku-QuotsI-PolyacrylamideI-Flocculamide Anionic Cationic Nonionic Water Treatment Polyacrylamide, Samukela ngemfudumalo abangani abavela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila kwansuku zonke ukuze bazingele ukubambisana futhi bakhe ikusasa eliqhakazile nelibabazeka kakhulu."i-polyelectrolyte"
Izilinganiso Zokwelashwa Kwamanzi Amakhemikhali E-China, Ngamandla aqinisiwe kanye nekhredithi enokwethenjelwa kakhudlwana, sibe lapha ukuze sinikeze usizo amakhasimende ethu ngokunikeza izinga eliphezulu nesevisi, futhi sikwazisa ngobuqotho ukuseseka kwenu. Sizozama ukulondoloza isithunzi sethu esihle njengomhlinzeki wempahla ohamba phambili emhlabeni. Uma unemibuzo noma ukuphawula, kufanelexhumana nathingokukhululeka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-04-2022