I-Flocculantivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-industrial panacea", enezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo. Njengendlela yokuqinisa ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi, ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisa ukuna kwendle okuyinhloko, ukwelashwa kokuntanta kanye nokuna kwendle kwesibili ngemuva kwendlela yodaka olusebenzayo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwelashweni kwendle okuphakeme noma ekwelashweni okuthuthukisiwe kwendle. Ekwelashweni kwamanzi, kuvame ukuba nezici ezithile ezithinta umphumela wokujiya (umthamo wamakhemikhali), lezi zici ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lamanzi, inani le-pH kanye ne-alkalinity, uhlobo kanye nokugcwala kokungcola emanzini, izimo zokulondolozwa kwamanzi zangaphandle, njll.
1. Ithonya lokushisa kwamanzi
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi linomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa, kanye namanzi anezinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusika
kunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa, okuvame ukuholela ekwakhekeni kancane kwama-floc anezinhlayiya ezincane nezikhululekile. Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi:
Ukucwiliswa kwama-coagulant kasawoti angaphili kuyisenzo se-endothermic, kanti ukucwiliswa kwama-coagulant amanzi anokushisa okuphansi kunzima.
Ukuqina kwamanzi aphansi okushisa kukhulu, okwenza buthaka ukunyakaza kwama-brownian kwezinhlayiya zokungcola ku-
kunciphisa amathuba okushayisana, okungabangeli ukungazinzi nokuhlangana kwama-colloid futhi kuthinta ukukhula kwama-floc.
Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, ukumuncwa kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal kuyakhuliswa, okuvimbela ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal, futhi kuthinte namandla okunamathelana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihlobene ne-pH yamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, inani le-pH lamanzi liyakhuphuka, futhi inani le-pH elifanele kakhulu lokujiya nalo lizokhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ebusika ezindaweni ezibandayo, kunzima ukuthola umphumela omuhle wokujiya ngisho noma kufakwe inani elikhulu le-coagulant.
2. I-pH kanye ne-Alkalinity
Inani le-pH liyinkomba yokuthi amanzi ane-acid noma i-alkaline, okungukuthi, inkomba yokuhlushwa kwe-H+ emanzini. Inani le-pH lamanzi angaphekiwe lithinta ngqo ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis kwe-coagulant, okungukuthi, lapho inani le-pH lamanzi angaphekiwe lingaphakathi kwebanga elithile, umphumela wokujiya ungaqinisekiswa.
Uma i-coagulant ingezwa emanzini, ukugcwala kwe-H+ emanzini kuyanda ngenxa ye-hydrolysis ye-coagulant, okubangela ukuthi inani le-pH lamanzi lehle futhi kuvimbele i-hydrolysis. Ukuze kugcinwe i-pH ingaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele, amanzi kufanele abe nezinto ze-alkaline ezanele zokunciphisa i-H+. Amanzi emvelo aqukethe izinga elithile le-alkaline (ngokuvamile i-HCO3-), elinganciphisa i-H+ ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis ye-coagulant, futhi libe nomthelela wokuvimba inani le-pH. Uma i-alkaline yamanzi angavuthiwe inganele noma i-coagulant ingeziwe kakhulu, inani le-pH lamanzi lizokwehla kakhulu, libhubhise umphumela we-coagulation.
3. Ithonya lohlobo kanye nokugcwala kokungcola emanzini
Usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokushaja kwe-SS emanzini kuzothinta umphumela wokujiya. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bezinhlayiya buncane futhi buyafana, kanti umphumela wokujiya awulungile; ukuhlushwa kwezinhlayiya emanzini kuphansi, futhi amathuba okushayisana kwezinhlayiya mancane, okungekuhle ekujiya; lapho ukujiya kukhulu, ukuze kuphazamiseke i-colloid emanzini, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okudingekayo kuzokwanda kakhulu. Lapho inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo likhona emanzini, lingamuncwa yizinhlayiya zobumba, ngaleyo ndlela kushintshe izici zobuso bezinhlayiya zokuqala ze-colloidal, okwenza izinhlayiya ze-colloidal ziqine kakhudlwana, okuzothinta kakhulu umphumela wokujiya. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-oxidant kumele ifakwe emanzini ukuze kubhujiswe umphumela wezinto eziphilayo, kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokujiya.
Usawoti oncibilikisiwe emanzini nawo ungathinta umphumela wokujiya. Isibonelo, lapho kukhona inani elikhulu lama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini emvelo, kuyajiya, kuyilapho inani elikhulu le-Cl- lingajiya. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, amanzi amaningi anomswakama aqukethe inani elikhulu le-humus angena esitshalweni ngenxa yokuhlafunwa kwamanzi emvula, futhi umthamo wangaphambi kwe-chlorination kanye ne-coagulant osetshenziswa ngokuvamile usekelwe kulokhu.
4. Ithonya lezimo zokulondolozwa kwamanzi zangaphandle
Izimo eziyisisekelo zokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal ukungazinzisa izinhlayiya ze-colloidal, nokwenza izinhlayiya ze-colloidal ezingazinzi zishayisane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-coagulant ukungazinzisa izinhlayiya ze-colloidal, kanti ukushukuma kwangaphandle kwe-hydraulic ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-colloidal zingaxhumana ngokugcwele ne-coagulant, ukuze izinhlayiya ze-colloidal zishayisane ukuze zakhe ama-floc.
Ukuze izinhlayiya ze-colloidal zenze ukuthintana ngokugcwele ne-coagulant, i-coagulant kumele ihlakazeke ngokushesha nangokulinganayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wamanzi ngemva kokuba i-coagulant ifakiwe emanzini, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuxuba okusheshayo, okudingekayo phakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-10 kuya kwengama-30 futhi kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-2 okungenani.
5. Ithonya lomthwalo womthelela wamanzi
Ukushaqeka kwamanzi kubhekisela ekushaqekeni kwamanzi okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile noma okungewona ngezikhathi ezithile kwamanzi angaphekiwe, okushintsha ngokuzumayo kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asemadolobheni kwemisebenzi yamanzi kanye nokulungiswa komthamo wamanzi angaphezulu kuzothinta amanzi angena esitshalweni, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuphakelwa kwamanzi esiphezulu ehlobo, okwenza amanzi angena esitshalweni ashintshe kakhulu, okuholela ekulungisweni njalo komthamo wamakhemikhali. Futhi umphumela wamanzi ngemva kokucwila awulungile kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu shintsho alukhuli ngokulandelana. Ngemuva kwalokho, qaphela ukubheka i-alum ethangini lokusabela, ukuze ungabhubhisi umphumela wokujiya ngenxa yomthamo oweqile.
6. I-Flocculantizinyathelo zokonga
Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezingenhla, kunezinye izindlela zokonga imithi, njengokwandisa inani lezikhathi zokuxuba echibini loketshezi, ukunciphisa ukuna kwezinhlayiya eziqinile zomuthi, ukuzinzisa umuthi, kanye nokusindisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi.
Uma i-polyacrylamide ifuna ukonga izindleko zokusetshenziswa, kubalulekile ukukhetha imodeli efanele. Umgomo ukukhetha i-polyacrylamide enomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokwelapha, ebizayo akuyona ngempela engcono kakhulu, futhi ungazami ukushibhile ukuze ubangele umphumela omubi wokwelapha amanzi amdaka, kodwa wandise izindleko. Khetha i-ejenti engagcini nje ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe komswakama kodaka, kodwa futhi yehlisa umthamo we-ejenti yeyunithi. Yenza izivivinyo ze-flocculation kumasampula emithi anikeziwe, khetha izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zemithi enemiphumela emihle yokuhlola, bese wenza izivivinyo zomshini ngokulandelana ukuze ubone umphumela wokugcina wodaka bese unquma uhlobo lokugcina lwemithi.
I-Polyacrylamide ngokuvamile iyizinhlayiya eziqinile. Idinga ukulungiswa ibe yisisombululo samanzi esinokuncibilika okuthile. Ukuhlushwa kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-0.1% no-0.3%. Ukugxilisa kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu kuzothinta umphumela, kuchithe umuthi, kwandise izindleko, futhi kuncibilikise i-granular polymerization. Amanzi ento kufanele ahlanzeke (njengamanzi ompompi), hhayi indle. Amanzi asezingeni lokushisa legumbi anele, ngokuvamile akudingeki ukushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi kuka-5 °C, ukuncibilika kuhamba kancane kakhulu, futhi ijubane lokuncibilika liyasheshiswa lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka. Kodwa ngaphezu kuka-40 ℃ kuzosheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-polymer futhi kuthinte umphumela wokusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, amanzi ompompi afanele ukulungiselela izixazululo ze-polymer. I-asidi enamandla, i-alkali enamandla, amanzi anosawoti omningi awafanele ukulungiswa.
Qaphela isikhathi sokupholisa ekulungiseleleni i-ejenti, ukuze i-ejenti ikwazi ukuncibilika ngokuphelele emanzini futhi ingahlangani, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke nje ibangele imfucuza, kodwa futhi izothinta umphumela wokukhiqizwa kodaka. Indwangu yokuhlunga kanye nepayipi nakho kuvame ukuvaleka, okuholela ekuchithekeni okuphindaphindiwe. Uma sekwenziwe kwaba yisisombululo, isikhathi sokugcina sinqunyelwe. Ngokuvamile, lapho ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo kungu-0.1%, isisombululo se-polymer esingeyona i-anionic akufanele sidlule isonto elilodwa, futhi isisombululo se-polymer ye-cationic akufanele sidlule usuku olulodwa.
Ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-ejenti, ngesikhathi senqubo yokulinganisa, naka ushintsho lwekhwalithi yodaka kanye nomphumela wodaka, bese ulungisa umthamo we-ejenti ngesikhathi ukuze ufinyelele isilinganiso esingcono sokulinganisa.
Umuthi kumele ugcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla eyomile, futhi isikhwama semithi kufanele sivalwe. Uma usetshenziswa, sebenzisa okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, bese uvala umuthi ongasetshenziswanga ukuze ugweme umswakama. Lapho ulungiselela imithi, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi awulungisi okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi uketshezi olubekwe isikhathi eside lufakwa kalula emanzini futhi alusakwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Imishini eqhutshwa kahle, iqembu elikhethekile lemali engenayo, kanye nezinsizakalo ezingcono ngemuva kokuthengisa; Singumndeni omkhulu ohlangene, noma ngubani ohlala nenhlangano ubheka "ubunye, ukuzimisela, ukubekezelelana" kwe-Quotes forI-PolyacrylamideI-Flocculamide Anionic Cationic Nonionic Water Treatment Polyacrylamide, Samukela ngemfudumalo abangane abavela kuzo zonke izindlela zokuphila kwansuku zonke ukuze bafune ukubambisana futhi bakhe ikusasa eliqhakazile nelihle kakhulu.
Izilinganiso Zokwelashwa Kwamakhemikhali Namanzi Angcolile eShayina, Ngamandla aqinile kanye nesikweletu esithembekile, besilapha ukuzokhonza amakhasimende ethu ngokunikeza ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nensizakalo, futhi siyabonga ngobuqotho ngokusekela kwakho. Sizozama ukugcina idumela lethu elihle njengomhlinzeki wezimpahla ongcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Uma unemibuzo noma imibono, kufanelexhumana nathingokukhululeka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-04-2022