Ukubuka KonkeUkwenza amanzi angcolile ephepha kuvela kakhulu ezinqubweni ezimbili zokukhiqiza zokugaya kanye nokwenza iphepha embonini yokwenza iphepha. Ukugaya ukuhlukanisa imicu nezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo, ukwenza i-pulp, bese uyixuba. Le nqubo izokhiqiza inani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile okwenza iphepha; ukwenza iphepha kuwukuncibilikisa, ukubumba, ukucindezela, nokomisa i-pulp ukuze kwenziwe iphepha. Le nqubo ivame futhi ukukhiqiza amanzi angcolile okwenza iphepha. Amanzi angcolile ayinhloko akhiqizwa enqubweni yokugaya ugologo omnyama nogologo obomvu, kanti ukwenza iphepha kukhiqiza amanzi amhlophe kakhulu.
Izici Eziyinhloko 1. Inani elikhulu lamanzi amdaka.2. Amanzi amdaka aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziqinile ezilengayo, ikakhulukazi uyinki, i-fiber, i-filler kanye nezinye izithako.3. I-SS, i-COD, i-BOD kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo emanzini amdaka ziphakeme kakhulu, okuqukethwe yi-COD kuphakeme kune-BOD, futhi umbala umnyama.
Uhlelo lokwelapha kanye nesixazululo senkinga. 1. Indlela yokwelapha Indlela yokwelapha yamanje isebenzisa kakhulu imodi yokwelapha yokuhlanganisa i-anaerobic, i-aerobic, i-physical kanye ne-chemical kanye nenqubo yokuhlanganisa i-sedimentation.
Inqubo yokwelapha kanye nokugeleza: Ngemva kokuba amanzi angcolile engene ohlelweni lokwelapha amanzi angcolile, aqala adlule endaweni yokulahla udoti ukuze asuse udoti omkhulu, angene echibini legridi ukuze alingane, angene ethangini lokujiya, futhi akhiqize ukusabela kokujiya ngokufaka i-polyaluminum chloride kanye ne-polyacrylamide. Ngemva kokungena ekujiya, i-SS kanye nengxenye ye-BOD kanye ne-COD emanzini angcolile kuyasuswa. Ukungcola kokujiya kungena ekwelashweni kwe-biochemical kwezigaba ezimbili ze-anaerobic kanye ne-aerobic ukuze kususwe iningi le-BOD kanye ne-COD emanzini. Ngemva kwethangi lesibili lokujiya, i-COD kanye ne-chromaticity yamanzi angcolile akuhlangabezani nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokukhishwa kwamanzi. Ukujiya kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe ukuze amanzi angcolile akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwamanzi noma akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwamanzi.
Izinkinga Nezixazululo Ezivamile 1) I-COD idlula indinganiso. Ngemva kokuba amanzi angcolile elashwe ngokwelashwa nge-anaerobic kanye ne-aerobic biochemical, i-COD yokungcola ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso zokukhishwa. Isixazululo: Sebenzisa i-COD degradation agent esebenza kahle kakhulu i-SCOD ukuze ilashwe. Yifake emanzini ngesilinganiso esithile bese usabela imizuzu engama-30.
2) Kokubili i-chromaticity kanye ne-COD kudlula izinga elijwayelekile Ngemva kokuba amanzi angcolile elashwe ngokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic kanye ne-aerobic biochemical, i-COD yokungcola ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso zokukhishwa. Isixazululo: Engeza i-decolorizer ye-flocculation esebenza kahle kakhulu, hlanganisa ne-decolorizer esebenza kahle kakhulu, bese ekugcineni usebenzisa i-polyacrylamide ukuze kufakwe i-flocculation kanye nemvula, ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile.
3) I-ammonia nitrogen eningi kakhulu I-nitrogen ye-ammonia ephumayo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanje zokukhishwa kwegesi. Isixazululo: Faka i-ammonia nitrogen remover, uvuselele noma uphefumule bese uxuba, bese usabela imizuzu eyi-6. Emshinini wokugaya iphepha, i-nitrogen ye-ammonia ephumayo icishe ibe yi-40ppm, kanti izinga lokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen ye-ammonia yendawo lingaphansi kwe-15ppm, elingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhishwa kwegesi ezichazwe yimithethonqubo yokuvikela imvelo.
Isiphetho Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngephepha kufanele kugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokusebenzisa kabusha amanzi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuhlolwe ngenkuthalo izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha amanzi amdaka ezinokwethenjelwa, ezongayo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha amanzi amdaka ezingasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza eziwusizo emanzini amdaka. Isibonelo: indlela yokuntanta ingabuyisa izinto eziqinile ezine-fibrous emanzini amhlophe, ngesilinganiso sokutakula esifika ku-95%, futhi amanzi acwengekile angasetshenziswa kabusha; indlela yokwelapha amanzi amdaka okushisa ingabuyisa i-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium sulfide, i-sodium sulfate kanye nezinye usawoti we-sodium ohlanganiswe nezinto eziphilayo emanzini amnyama. Indlela yokwelapha amanzi amdaka engasebenzi kahle ilungisa inani le-pH lamanzi amdaka; i-coagulation sedimentation noma i-flotation ingasusa izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-SS emanzini amdaka; indlela yokupholisa amakhemikhali ingashintsha umbala; indlela yokwelapha ngebhayoloji ingasusa i-BOD ne-COD, esebenza kangcono emanzini amdaka ephepha le-kraft. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ne-reverse osmosis, i-ultrafiltration, i-electrodialysis kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha amanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngephepha ezisetshenziswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-17-2025