I-Polypropylene glycol (PPG)iyi-polymer engeyona i-ionic etholakala ngokwenziwa kwe-polymerization ye-propylene oxide evula indandatho. Inezakhiwo eziyinhloko njengokuncibilika kwamanzi okulungisekayo, ububanzi obukhulu be-viscosity, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuqinile, kanye nobuthi obuphansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlanganisa izimboni eziningi, okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali, imithi, amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, ukudla, kanye nokukhiqiza kwezimboni. Ama-PPG anesisindo sama-molecule ahlukene (ngokuvamile asukela ku-200 kuya ku-10,000) abonisa umehluko omkhulu wokusebenza. Ama-PPG anesisindo sama-molecule aphansi (njenge-PPG-200 kanye no-400) ancibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi avame ukusetshenziswa njengezixazululo kanye nama-plasticizer. Ama-PPG anesisindo sama-molecule aphakathi nendawo naphezulu (njenge-PPG-1000 kanye no-2000) ancibilika kakhulu ku-oyili noma aqinile kancane futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kwe-emulsification kanye ne-elastomer. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezindawo zayo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa:
1. Imboni ye-Polyurethane (PU): Enye yezinto zokwakha eziyinhloko
I-PPG iwuhlobo olubalulekile lwe-polyol ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ze-polyurethane. Ngokusabela ngama-isocyanates (njenge-MDI ne-TDI) nangokuhlanganisa ne-chain extenders, ingakhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo ye-PU, ehlanganisa uhla oluphelele lwezigaba ze-foam ezithambile neziqinile:
Ama-elastomer e-polyurethane: I-PPG-1000-4000 ivame ukusetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni i-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) kanye nama-elastomer e-polyurethane ahlanganisiwe (CPU). Lawa ma-elastomer asetshenziswa ezithendeni zezicathulo (njengezithendeni eziphakathi ezithambile zezicathulo zemidlalo), izivalo zemishini, amabhande okuhambisa, kanye nama-catheter ezokwelapha (anokuhambisana kahle kakhulu kwezinto eziphilayo). Anikeza ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokudabuka, kanye nokuguquguquka.
Izimbozo/izinamathelisi ze-polyurethane: I-PPG ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka, ukumelana namanzi, kanye nokunamathela kwezimbozo futhi isetshenziswa kupende lwezimoto lwe-OEM, upende wezimboni olwa nokugqwala, kanye nezimbozo zokhuni. Kuzinamathelisi, ithuthukisa amandla okunamathela kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, okwenza ifanelekele izinsimbi zokubopha, ipulasitiki, isikhumba, nezinye izinto.
2. Amakhemikhali Ansuku Zonke Nokunakekelwa Komuntu Siqu: Izithasiselo Ezisebenzayo
I-PPG, ngenxa yobumnene bayo, izakhiwo zokuhlanganisa, kanye nezakhiwo zokufaka umswakama, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekunakekelweni kwesikhumba, izimonyo, izihlanzi, kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Imikhiqizo ehlukene yesisindo sama-molecule inezindima ezihlukile:
Ama-Emulsifiers kanye nama-Solubilizers: Isisindo esimaphakathi se-PPG (njenge-PPG-600 kanye ne-PPG-1000) sivame ukuhlanganiswa nama-fatty acids kanye nama-ester njenge-emulsifier engeyona i-ionic kuma-creams, ama-lotion, ama-shampoo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo, okuqinisa izinhlelo zamanzi kawoyela kanye nokuvimbela ukuhlukana. I-PPG enesisindo esiphansi se-molecule (njenge-PPG-200) ingasetshenziswa njenge-solubilizer, esiza ekuncibilikiseni izithako ezincibilika ku-oyela njengephunga elimnandi namafutha abalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zamanzi.
Ama-Moisturizer kanye nama-Emollients: I-PPG-400 kanye ne-PPG-600 zinikeza umphumela wokuthambisa olinganiselayo kanye nomuzwa oqabulayo, ongenamafutha. Zingathatha indawo ye-glycerin ethile kuma-toners kanye nama-serum, zithuthukise ukushelela komkhiqizo. Kuma-conditioner, zinganciphisa ugesi oqhubekayo futhi zithuthukise ukushelela kwezinwele. Izithasiselo Zomkhiqizo Wokuhlanza: Kuma-shower gel kanye nensipho yesandla, i-PPG ingalungisa i-formula viscosity, ithuthukise ukuqina kwe-foam, futhi inciphise ukucasuka kwama-surfactants. Ku-toothpaste, isebenza njenge-humectant kanye ne-thickener, ivimbela i-paste ukuthi yome futhi iqhekeke.
3. Izicelo Zemithi Nezokwelapha: Izicelo Zokuphepha Okuphezulu
Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphansi kanye nokuhambisana kwayo okuhle kakhulu (okuhambisana ne-USP, EP, kanye nezinye izindinganiso zemithi), i-PPG isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemithi kanye nezinto zokwelapha.
Izithwali Zemithi Nezinyibilikisi: I-PPG enesisindo esiphansi sama-molecule (njenge-PPG-200 kanye ne-PPG-400) iyisinyibilikisi esihle kakhulu semithi engancibiliki kahle futhi ingasetshenziswa ekumisweni ngomlomo kanye nasekujovweni (okudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokuhlanzeka kanye nokususwa kokungcola okumbalwa), ukuthuthukisa ukuncibilika kwemithi kanye nokutholakala kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PPG ingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo se-suppository ukuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwemithi.
Ukuguqulwa Kwezinto Zezokwelapha: Ezintweni ze-polyurethane zezokwelapha (njengemithambo yegazi yokwenziwa, ama-valve enhliziyo, kanye nama-catheter omchamo), i-PPG ingalungisa ukunamathela kwamanzi kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo, inciphise impendulo yomzimba yokuzivikela ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwezinto kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwegazi. Izinto Ezisiza Ngemithi: I-PPG ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye eyisisekelo kumafutha okugcoba kanye nama-creams ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena kwemithi esikhumbeni futhi ifanele imithi yasekhaya (njengemithi yokugcoba elwa namagciwane kanye ne-steroid).
4. Ukugcoba Nemishini Yezimboni: Izithambisi Ezisebenza Kakhulu
I-PPG inikeza ukuthambisa okuhle kakhulu, izakhiwo zokulwa nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi. Iphinde ihambisane kahle namafutha amaminerali kanye nezithasiselo, okwenza ibe yinto eluhlaza eyinhloko yokugcoba okwenziwe.
Amafutha E-Hydraulic kanye Nama-Gear: Ama-PPG anesisindo sama-molecule aphakathi nendawo kanye naphezulu (njenge-PPG-1000 kanye no-2000) angasetshenziswa ukudala uketshezi lwe-hydraulic oluvimbela ukuguguleka olufanele izinhlelo ze-hydraulic ezinomfutho ophezulu emishinini yokwakha kanye namathuluzi omshini. Agcina ukuguguleka okuhle kakhulu ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi. Kumafutha egiya, athuthukisa izakhiwo zokulwa nokuguguleka kanye nokulwa nokuguguleka, andise impilo yegiya.
Ama-Fluid Okusebenza Ngensimbi: I-PPG ingasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo ekusebenzeni ngensimbi nasekugayeni uketshezi, ihlinzeka ngokugcoba, ukupholisa, kanye nokuvimbela ukugqwala, inciphise ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi futhi ithuthukise ukunemba komshini wokugaya. Iphinde ibole (amanye ama-PPG aguquliwe ahlangabezana nesidingo sama-fluid okusika anobungani nemvelo). Ama-Lubricant Akhethekile: Ama-Lubricant asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, ezinomfutho ophezulu, noma ezikhethekile (njengezindawo ezine-acidic ne-alkaline), njengemishini yezindiza kanye namaphampu amakhemikhali nama-valve, angathatha indawo yamafutha amaminerali endabuko futhi athuthukise ukuthembeka kwemishini.
5. Ukucubungula Ukudla: Izithasiselo Zezinga Lokudla
I-PPG yezinga lokudla (ehambisana ne-FDA) isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni, ekususeni iphunga, nasekufakeni umswakama ekucutshungulweni kokudla:
Ukuhlanganiswa Nokuzinziswa: Emikhiqizweni yobisi (njenge-ayisikhilimu nokhilimu) kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe (njengamakhekhe nesinkwa), i-PPG isebenza njenge-emulsifier ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha nokuthuthukisa ukufana kokwakheka komkhiqizo kanye nokunambitheka. Eziphuzweni, iqinisa ukunambitheka kanye nemibala ukuze ivimbele ukuhlukaniswa.
I-Defoamer: Ezinqubweni zokubilisa ukudla (njengokwenza ubhiya kanye nesoso yesoya) kanye nokucubungula ijusi, i-PPG isebenza njengesivimbeli sokuvimbela ukugqwala nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuthinta ukunambitheka.
I-Humectant: Kuma-pastry namaswidi, i-PPG isebenza njengesithambisi sokuvimbela ukoma nokuqhekeka, okwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.
6. Ezinye Izindawo: Ukuguqulwa Kokusebenza kanye Nezicelo Ezisizayo
Ukumbozwa Noyinki: Ngaphezu kokumbozwa kwe-polyurethane, i-PPG ingasetshenziswa njengesiguquli sama-resin e-alkyd ne-epoxy, okuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwawo, ukulingana, kanye nokumelana namanzi. Kuyinki, ingalungisa i-viscosity futhi ithuthukise ukuphrinta (isb., i-inki ye-offset kanye ne-gravure).
Izithasiselo Zendwangu: Isetshenziswa njengesiqedi esivimbela ukunyakaziswa kanye nesithambisa izindwangu, inciphisa ukwakheka okungashukumi futhi ithuthukise ukuthamba. Ekudayini nasekuqedeni, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusabalala kodayi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukufana kokudaya.
Ama-Defoamers nama-Demulsifier: Ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali (isb., ukwenza amaphepha kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile), i-PPG ingasetshenziswa njengesihlanzi sokuvimbela ukugqwala ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa. Ekukhiqizweni kwamafutha, ingasetshenziswa njengesihlanzi sokusiza ukuhlukanisa uwoyela ongahluziwe emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukubuyiswa kwamafutha. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okusebenza: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PPG kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwesisindo sama-molecule (isb., isisindo sama-molecule esiphansi sigxile ezintweni ezincibilikisayo kanye nokuthambisa, kuyilapho isisindo sama-molecule esiphakathi nesiphezulu sigxile ekuhlanganiseni nasekuthambiseni) kanye nezinga lobumsulwa (imikhiqizo yobumsulwa obuphezulu iyathandwa embonini yokudla neyemithi, kuyilapho amamaki ajwayelekile angakhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zezimboni). Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nazo zidinga ukuguqulwa (isb., ukufakelwa noma ukuxhumanisa) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza (isb., ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokulinda komlilo). Njengoba izidingo ezikhulayo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu, izindawo zokusetshenziswa ze-PPG eguquliwe (isb., i-PPG esekelwe ku-bio kanye ne-PPG ebolayo) ziyanda.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-29-2025