Ukwelashwa kwe-Microbial ye-sewage ukubeka inani elikhulu lezinkinga ze-microbial ezisebenzayo emanzini angcolile, okukhuthaza ukwakheka okusheshayo kwe-ecosystem elinganiselayo emanzini ngokwawo, lapho kungekho khona kuphela ukubola, abakhiqizi, nabathengi. Izinto ezingcolisayo zingelapheka futhi zisetshenziswe ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana, futhi ngaleyo ndlela amaketango okudla amaningi angakheka, akhe uhlelo lwewebhu lokudla olunqamula indlala. Uhlelo oluhle noluzinzile lwebhalansi yemvelo lungasungulwa uma inani elifanele kanye nezilinganiso zamandla kugcinwa phakathi kwamazinga e-trophic. Lapho inani elithile lokukhucululwa kwendle lingena kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo, ukungcola okuphilayo akukona nje kuphela ukucekelwa phansi futhi kuhlanjululwe amabhaktheriya nesikhunta, kodwa imikhiqizo yokugcina yokuwohloka kwawo, amanye ama-inorganic compounds, asetshenziswa njengemithombo yekhabhoni, imithombo ye-nitrogen nemithombo ye-phosphorus, futhi amandla elanga asetshenziswa njengomthombo wokuqala wamandla. , bahlanganyele enqubweni ye-metabolic kuwebhu yokudla, futhi kancane kancane bathuthele futhi baguquke kusukela ezingeni eliphansi le-trophic baye ezingeni eliphezulu le-trophic, futhi ekugcineni baguquke babe izitshalo zasemanzini, izinhlanzi, izimfanzi, izimbaza, amahansi, amadada neminye imikhiqizo yokuphila ethuthukisiwe, futhi ngokusebenzisa abantu. ngokuqhubekayo Thatha futhi wengeze izinyathelo zokugcina ibhalansi ebanzi yemvelo yomzimba wamanzi, ukwandisa ubuhle kanye nemvelo ye-waterscape, futhi ufeze inhloso yokuvimbela nokulawula i-eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi.
1. Ukwelashwa kwe-Microbial yendleikakhulukazi isusa ukungcola kwe-organic (i-BOD, izinto ze-COD) esimweni se-colloidal nesincibilikisiwe endle, futhi izinga lokususa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ukuze ukungcola kwemvelo kuhlangabezane nezinga lokuphuma.
(1) I-BOD (isidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali), okungukuthi "isidingo somoya-mpilo we-biochemical" noma "isidingo komoyampilo sebhayoloji", iyinkomba engaqondile yokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ngokujwayelekile isho ingxenye yento ephilayo exubezeka kalula equkethwe ku-1L wendle noma isampula lamanzi okufanele lihlolwe. Lapho ama-microorganisms e-oxidize futhi ewubola, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini usetshenziswa ngamamiligremu (iyunithi ingu-mg/L). Izimo zokulinganisa ze-BOD zivame ukushiwo ku-20 °C izinsuku nobusuku obu-5, ngakho uphawu lwe-BOD5 luvame ukusetshenziswa.
(2) I-COD (isidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali) isidingo somoya-mpilo ngamakhemikhali, okuyinkomba engaqondile engaqondile yokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni wamanzi. (iyunithi ingu-mg/L). Ama-chemical oxidants asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-K2Cr2O7 noma i-KMnO4. Phakathi kwazo, i-K2Cr2O7 ivame ukusetshenziswa, futhi i-COD elinganisiwe imelwe "COD Cr".
2. Ukwelashwa ngamagciwane Indle ingahlukaniswa ibe uhlelo lokwelapha lwe-aerobic kanye nohlelo lokwelapha lwe-anaerobic ngokuya ngesimo somoya-mpilo enqubweni yokwelapha.
1. Uhlelo lokwelapha lwe-Aerobic
Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic, ama-microorganisms akha i-organic matter endaweni ezungezile, ayikhiphe futhi ayibolise ibe yizinto ezingaphili, ahlanze indle, futhi ahlanganise izinto zamaselula ngesikhathi esisodwa. Enqubweni yokuhlanza indle, ama-microorganisms akhona ngendlela ye-sludge ecushiwe kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-biofilm.
Le ndlela iyindlela yokwelapha yebhayoloji ene-biofilm njengomzimba oyinhloko wokuhlanza. I-Biofilm iwulwelwesi lwamafinyila olunanyathiselwe ngaphezulu komthwali futhi lwakhiwe ikakhulukazi ama-microbes. Umsebenzi we-biofilm uyafana nalowo we-sludge ecushiwe enqubweni ye-sludge ecushiwe, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwe-microbial kuyafana. Umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlanzwa kwendle ukuwohloka kwe-adsorption kanye ne-oxidative yento ephilayo emanzini endle nge-biofilm enamathiselwe ebusweni besithwali. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuxhumana phakathi kwendawo ephakathi nendawo namanzi, indlela ye-biofilm ihlanganisa indlela ye-biological turntable kanye nendlela yesihlungi sebhayoloji yombhoshongo.
3. Uhlelo lokwelapha lwe-Anaerobic
Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anoxic, indlela yokusebenzisa ibhaktheriya ye-anaerobic (kuhlanganise nebhaktheriya ye-anaerobic esebenzayo) ukubola ukungcola kwemvelo endle kubizwa nangokuthi ukugaya kwe-anaerobic noma ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo wokuvutshelwa ukhiqiza i-methane, ibizwa nangokuthi i-methane fermentation. Le ndlela ayikwazi ukuqeda ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi ithuthukise i-bio-energy, ngakho-ke abantu banake kakhulu. I-anaerobic fermentation ye-sewage iyisistimu yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehlanganisa amaqembu ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene amagciwane, ngalinye lidinga ama-substrates ahlukene kanye nezimo, akha i-ecosystem eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuvutshelwa kwe-methane kuhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu: isigaba se-liquefaction, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen nesigaba sokukhiqiza i-acetic acid kanye nesigaba sokukhiqiza i-methane.
Ukwelashwa kwendle kungahlukaniswa ngokwelashwa okuyisisekelo, okwesibili kanye nokwesithathu ngokwezinga lokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo: Ngokuyinhloko kususa ukungcola okuqinile okumisiwe okumisiwe endle, futhi izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ngokomzimba zingaqedela kuphela izidingo zokwelashwa okuyinhloko. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okuyisisekelo kokuthuthwa kwendle, i-BOD ingasuswa ngokujwayelekile cishe ngama-30%, angahlangabezani nezinga lokukhipha indle. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kungokwangaphambili kokwelashwa kwesibili.
Inqubo yokwelapha eyinhloko yilena: indle eluhlaza eye yadlula kugridi emagebhugebhu iphakanyiswa iphampu yokuphakamisa indle - idlule kugridi noma ngesisefo - bese ingena egumbini le-grit - indle ehlukaniswe yisihlabathi namanzi ingena ekuthunjweni okuyisisekelo. ithangi, okungenhla yilokhu: Ukucubungula okuyisisekelo (okungukuthi ukucutshungulwa ngokomzimba). Umsebenzi we-grit chamber ukususa izinhlayiya ezingaphili nge-gravity enkulu ethile. Ama-grit chamber asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-advection grit chambers, aerated grit chambers, ama-Dole grit chambers nama-bell-type grit chambers.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili: Kususa ikakhulukazi ukungcola kwe-colloidal nokuncibilikisiwe kwe-organic (i-BOD, izinto ze-COD) endle, futhi izinga lokususa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ukuze ukungcola kwemvelo kufinyelele izinga lokuphuma.
Inqubo yesibili yokwelapha yilena: amanzi agelezayo aphuma ethangini lenhlabathi eliyisisekelo angena emishinini yokwelapha yebhayoloji, okuhlanganisa indlela yodaka ecushiwe kanye nendlela ye-biofilm, (i-reactor yendlela yodaka ecushiwe ihlanganisa ithangi lokungenisa umoya, umsele we-oxidation, njll. Indlela ye-biofilm ihlanganisa Ithangi lesihlungi sebhayoloji, i-biological turntable, indlela ye-biological contact oxidation kanye nombhede owuketshezi webhayoloji), amanzi aphuma emshinini wokwelapha webhayoloji angena ethangini lesibili lokuthungatha inzika, futhi amanzi angcolile aphuma ethangini lesibili lenzika ayachithwa ngemva kokubulawa amagciwane noma engena endaweni yokwelapha ephakeme.
Ukwelashwa okuphakeme: ikakhulukazi ukubhekana ne-refractory organic matter, i-inorganic matter encibilikayo njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus engaholela
ku-eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi. Izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka i-biological denitrification kanye nokususwa kwe-phosphorus, i-coagulation sedimentation, indlela yesilinganiso sesihlabathi, indlela ye-activated carbon adsorption, indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion kanye nendlela yokuhlaziya i-electroosmosis.
Inqubo yokwelapha esezingeni eliphakeme imi kanje: ingxenye yodaka ethangini lesibili lokuthungatha ibuyiselwa ethangini lokuqala lokuthungatha noma impahla yokwelapha yebhayoloji, bese ingxenye yodaka ingena ethangini elijiya udaka, bese ingena ethangini lokugaya udaka. Ngemuva kokukhipha amanzi nokomisa imishini, i-sludge ekugcineni isetshenziswa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthengi omusha noma umthengi omdala, sikholelwa ekuklanyweni okukhethekile kwamagciwane e-ammonia ehlisa isithunzi ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi e-China, ukunwetshwa kwe-ejenti ye-aerobic bacterium kanye nobudlelwano obuthembekile, samukela amakhasimende amasha namadala ukuthi asithinte ngomakhalekhukhwini. noma uthumele i-imeyili ukuze usibuze ukuthi sisungule izinhlangano zebhizinisi zesikhathi eside kanye nempumelelo eyabiwe.
Ukwelashwa Kwamakhemikhali Amanzi AngcolileI-China Bacteria Special Design, I-ejenti Yokwelapha Amanzi Amagciwane, njengezisebenzi ezifunde kahle, ezintsha nezinamandla, besiphethe zonke izici zocwaningo, ukwakheka, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa nokusabalalisa. Ngokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, asigcini nje ngokulandela kodwa sihola imboni yezemfashini. Silalela ngokucophelela impendulo yekhasimende futhi sinikeza ukuxhumana okusheshayo. Uzozwa ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bethu kanye nenkonzo yokunaka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-11-2022