Ukwelashwa kwendle ngama-microbial kuwukufaka inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zamagciwane ezisebenzayo emanzini angcolile, okukhuthaza ukwakheka okusheshayo kwendalo elinganiselayo emanzini ngokwawo, lapho kungekho khona kuphela ababoli, abakhiqizi, kanye nabathengi. Ukungcola kungaphathwa futhi kusetshenziswe kahle, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungakhiwa izintambo zokudla eziningi, kwakha i-ecosystem yokudla ehlanganisa izindawo ezahlukene. Uhlelo oluhle noluzinzile lokulinganisela kwemvelo lungasungulwa uma inani elifanele kanye nezilinganiso zamandla zigcinwa phakathi kwamazinga e-trophic. Lapho inani elithile lendle lingena kule ndawo ephilayo, ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo okukuyo akugcini nje ngokuwohloka nokuhlanzwa amabhaktheriya nama-fungus, kodwa imikhiqizo yokugcina yokuwohloka kwawo, amanye amakhemikhali angaphili, asetshenziswa njengemithombo yekhabhoni, imithombo ye-nitrogen kanye nemithombo ye-phosphorus, kanti amandla elanga asetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokuqala. , bahlanganyele enqubweni ye-metabolic kuwebhu yokudla, futhi kancane kancane bathuthele futhi bashintshe besuka ezingeni eliphansi le-trophic baye ezingeni eliphezulu le-trophic, futhi ekugcineni baguquke babe yizitshalo zasemanzini, izinhlanzi, izimfanzi, izimbaza, amahansi, amadada kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokuphila ethuthukisiwe, futhi ngokuqhubeka kwabantu Thatha futhi wengeze izinyathelo zokugcina ibhalansi ephelele yemvelo yomzimba wamanzi, wandise ubuhle kanye nemvelo yendawo yamanzi, futhi ufeze injongo yokuvimbela nokulawula ukugcwala kwamanzi emzimbeni wamanzi.
1. Ukwelashwa kwendle nge-microbialIsusa kakhulu ukungcola okungokwemvelo (i-BOD, izinto ze-COD) esimweni se-colloidal nesincibilikisiwe emanzini angcolile, futhi izinga lokususwa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ukuze ukungcola okungokwemvelo kuhlangabezane nezinga lokukhishwa.
(1) I-BOD (isidingo se-oxygen se-biochemical), okungukuthi "isidingo se-oxygen se-biochemical" noma "isidingo se-oxygen se-biological", iyinkomba engaqondile yokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ngokuvamile ibhekisela engxenyeni yezinto eziphilayo ezikwazi ukukhiqizwa kalula emanzini equkethwe ku-1L yendle noma isampula yamanzi okufanele ihlolwe. Lapho ama-microorganisms ekhiqiza futhi ebolisa, i-oxygen encibilikisiwe emanzini isetshenziswa ngama-milligram (iyunithi ingu-mg/L). Izimo zokulinganisa ze-BOD ngokuvamile zinqunywa ku-20 °C izinsuku ezi-5 nobusuku, ngakho-ke uphawu lwe-BOD5 luvame ukusetshenziswa.
(2) I-COD (isidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali) yisidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali, okuyisibonakaliso esilula esingaqondile sokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni wamanzi. (iyunithi ingu-mg/L). Ama-oxidant amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-K2Cr2O7 noma i-KMnO4. Phakathi kwawo, i-K2Cr2O7 isetshenziswa kakhulu, kanti i-COD elinganisiwe imelelwa yi-"COD Cr".
2. Ukwelashwa ngama-microbial Indle ingahlukaniswa ibe uhlelo lokwelapha nge-aerobic kanye nohlelo lokwelapha nge-anaerobic ngokwesimo se-oxygen enkambisweni yokwelapha.
1. Uhlelo lokwelapha nge-aerobic
Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic, ama-microorganisms amunca izinto eziphilayo endaweni ezungezile, azixube futhi azibolise zibe izinto ezingaphili, ahlanze indle, futhi ahlanganise izinto zamaseli ngesikhathi esifanayo. Enkambisweni yokuhlanzwa kwendle, ama-microorganisms akhona ngesimo se-activated sludge kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-biofilm.
Le ndlela iyindlela yokwelapha ngebhayoloji ene-biofilm njengomzimba oyinhloko wokuhlanzwa. I-Biofilm iyi-membrane yama-mucous enamathele ebusweni bomthwali futhi ikakhulukazi yakhiwe yi-bacterial micelles. Umsebenzi we-biofilm ufana nowe-activated sludge enqubweni ye-activated sludge, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwe-microbial nakho kuyafana. Isimiso esiyinhloko sokuhlanzwa kwendle ukumuncwa kanye nokubola kwe-oxidative kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile yi-biofilm enamathele ebusweni bomthwali. Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokuxhumana phakathi kwe-medium namanzi, indlela ye-biofilm ifaka phakathi indlela ye-biological turntable kanye nendlela ye-tower biological filter.
3. Uhlelo lokwelapha i-Anaerobic
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinobungozi, indlela yokusebenzisa amabhaktheriya angenawo umoya (kufaka phakathi amabhaktheriya angenawo umoya) ukubola ukungcola okungokwemvelo emanzini angcolile ibizwa nangokuthi ukugaya okunganawo umoya noma ukubilisa okunganawo umoya. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo wokubilisa ukhiqiza i-methane, ubizwa nangokuthi ukubilisa i-methane. Le ndlela ayikwazi nje ukuqeda ukungcola kwemvelo, kodwa futhi ithuthukise amandla e-bio, ngakho abantu banaka kakhulu. Ukubilisa okunganawo umoya kwendle kuyi-ecosystem eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehilela amaqembu ahlukahlukene amagciwane ashintshanayo, ngalinye lidinga ama-substrates nezimo ezahlukene, okwakha i-ecosystem eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukubilisa i-methane kuhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu: isigaba sokuncibilika, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kanye nesigaba sokukhiqizwa kwe-acetic acid kanye nesigaba sokukhiqizwa kwe-methane.
Ukwelashwa kwendle kungahlukaniswa kube ukwelashwa kokuqala, okwesibili kanye nokwesithathu ngokuya ngezinga lokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko: Kususa kakhulu ukungcola okuqinile okulengayo emanzini angcolile, futhi izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ngokomzimba zingagcwalisa kuphela izidingo zokwelashwa okuyinhloko. Ngemva kokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwamanzi angcolile, i-BOD ngokuvamile ingasuswa cishe ngo-30%, okungahlangabezani nezinga lokukhishwa. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kungokulungiswa kwangaphambili kokwelashwa kwesibili.
Inqubo eyinhloko yokwelapha yile: indle eluhlaza edlulile kugridi eqinile iphakanyiswa yiphampu yokuphakamisa indle - idlule kugridi noma ngesihlungo - bese ingena ekamelweni lokugaya - indle ehlukaniswe yisihlabathi namanzi ingena ethangini lokuqala lokugaya, okungenhla yilokhu: Ukucubungula okuyinhloko (okungukuthi ukucubungula ngokomzimba). Umsebenzi wegumbi lokugaya ukususa izinhlayiya ezingaphili ezinomhubhe omkhulu othize. Amakamelo okugaya asetshenziswa kakhulu yilawa amakamelo okugaya athuthukisiwe, amakamelo okugaya avuvukele, amakamelo okugaya adole kanye namakamelo okugaya anjenge-bell-type.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili: Kususa kakhulu ukungcola okungcolile okubangelwa yi-colloidal kanye nokuncibilikisiwe kwezinto eziphilayo (i-BOD, izinto ze-COD) emanzini angcolile, futhi izinga lokususwa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ukuze ukungcola okungokwemvelo kuhlangabezane nezinga lokukhishwa.
Inqubo yokwelapha yesibili yile: amanzi aphuma ethangini lokuqala lokuthuthwa kwamanzi angena emishinini yokwelapha yezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa indlela yokuthuthwa kwamanzi asebenzayo kanye nendlela ye-biofilm, (i-reactor yendlela yokuthuthwa kwamanzi asebenzayo ihlanganisa ithangi lokungenisa umoya, umsele wokuthuthwa kwamanzi, njll. Indlela ye-biofilm ihlanganisa ithangi lokuhlunga lezinto eziphilayo, i-turntable yezinto eziphilayo, indlela yokuthuthwa kwamanzi okubangelwa izinto eziphilayo kanye nombhede ogcwele amanzi), amanzi aphuma emishinini yokwelapha yezinto eziphilayo angena ethangini lesibili lokuthuthwa kwamanzi, kanti ukungcola okuvela ethangini lesibili lokuthuthwa kwamanzi kuyakhishwa ngemva kokubulala amagciwane noma ukungena ekwelashweni kwesithathu.
Ukwelashwa kwesigaba esiphezulu: ikakhulukazi kubhekana nezinto eziphilayo ezingaguquki, izinto ezingaphili ezincibilikayo njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezingaholela
ukususwa kwe-nitrogen emzimbeni wamanzi. Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zifaka phakathi i-biological denitrification kanye nokususwa kwe-phosphorus, i-coagulation sedimentation, indlela yesilinganiso sesihlabathi, indlela ye-activated carbon adsorption, indlela ye-ion exchange kanye nendlela yokuhlaziya i-electroosmosis.
Inqubo yokwelapha yesithathu imi kanje: ingxenye yodaka ethangini lesibili lodaka ibuyiselwa ethangini lokuqala lodaka noma emishinini yokwelapha yezinto eziphilayo, bese ingxenye yodaka ingena ethangini lokuqina lodaka, bese ingena ethangini lokugaya udaka. Ngemva kokukhipha amanzi nokomisa imishini, udaka lusetshenziswa ekugcineni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthengi omusha noma umthengi omdala, sikholelwa ekwakhiweni okukhethekile kwamagciwane abhubhisa i-ammonia ukuze aphathwe ngamanzi eShayina, ukwanda kwe-ejenti yamagciwane e-aerobic kanye nobudlelwano obuthembekile, samukela amakhasimende amasha namadala ukuthi asithinte ngocingo noma asithumelele i-imeyili ukuze asibuze ukuthi sisungule izinhlangano zebhizinisi zesikhathi eside kanye nempumelelo ehlanganyelwe.
Ukwelashwa Kwamakhemikhali Amanzi AngcolileUmklamo Okhethekile Wama-bacteria aseShayina, i-Agent Yokwelapha Amanzi Amagciwane, njengabasebenzi abafunde kahle, abasungula izinto ezintsha nabanamandla, besiphethe zonke izici zocwaningo, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kanye nokusabalalisa. Ngokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, asilandeli nje kuphela kodwa sihola imboni yemfashini. Silalela ngokucophelela impendulo yamakhasimende futhi sihlinzeka ngokuxhumana okusheshayo. Uzozizwa ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bethu kanye nensizakalo yethu yokunaka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-11-2022