Amagama angukhiye: I-flocculant yokususa umbala, i-ejenti yokususa umbala, umenzi we-ejenti yokususa umbala, Susa umbala
Phakathi kwemifula ecwebezelayo nolwandle oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kulele iqembu “labaqaphi bekhwalithi yamanzi” abangadunyiswa—abasusa umbala ezintanjeni. Njengompheki onolwazi, bangashintsha “umhluzi” onsundu ube ngamanzi acwebezelayo. Kodwa lo “mpheki” unesimo sawo; umthamo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nendlela yokuxuba konke kunquma umphumela wokugcina wekhwalithi yamanzi.
1. Isilinganiso: Kuningi kakhulu, Kuncane kakhulu; Kugcwalisa isikhukhula
Cabanga ngokungeza amanzi lapho upheka iphalishi: amanzi amancane kakhulu, bese iphalishi lizonamathela phansi; amanzi amaningi kakhulu, futhi lizoba lincane futhi linganambitheki. Umthamo we-flocculant eshintsha umbala nawo udinga ukulawulwa okuqondile. Enye imboni yezindwangu, ngokulangazelela kwayo imiphumela esheshayo, yandise umthamo onconywayo ngo-30%, okwaholela hhayi nje ekuhlulekeni ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo kodwa futhi nasezingcezuni eziminyene kakhulu ezihlala ngokushesha kakhulu, okuvumela ama-molecule odayi asele emanzini ukuthi aphinde amile njenge "nhlanzi engene enetheni." Enye imboni yokudaya, enamathela ngokuqinile esilinganisweni esinconywayo esingu-0.5‰, yanquma umthamo ofanele ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezintathu ezincane, ekugcineni yazinzisa umbala wokungcola ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-10, yahlangabezana nezinga likazwelonke lokukhipha i-Class I.
2. Izinga Lokushisa: Ikhodi Yesivinini Yokusabela Kwamakhemikhali
Umphumela wokushisa emphumeleni wokugobhoza kwama-flocculant ashintsha umbala ufana nokubilisa iqanda: amanzi abandayo adinga isineke, kuyilapho amanzi abilayo ebangela ukujiya okusheshayo. Emshinini wokugaya iphepha enyakatho yeShayina, lapho amazinga okushisa amanzi ehla afinyelela ku-5°C ebusika, ochwepheshe banciphisa isikhathi sokugobhoza kusukela kumaminithi angu-30 kuya kumaminithi angu-15 ngokulawula izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwe-flocculant cishe ku-40°C, okuvumela amaketanga ama-molecule ukuba akhule ngokugcwele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, esitshalweni se-electroplating eningizimu yeShayina, ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu kwehlobo, banezela i-retarder egcine izinga lokushisa lokusabela lingaphansi kuka-25°C, bevimbela ukuphuka kwe-floc.
3. Inani le-pH: Ubuciko Bokulinganisela Kwe-Acid-Alkalinity
Inani le-pH, njenge-acidity noma i-alkalinity ku-palette, lithinta ngqo "ubuntu" be-flocculants. Isitshalo sokucubungula ukudla, eselapha amanzi angcolile anamafutha, sithole ukuthi lapho i-pH iphakathi kuka-6 no-7, ama-molecule e-flocculant angadonsela izinhlayiya zamafutha njengezibuthe. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-pH idlula u-8, ama-floc aba akhululekile futhi aqhekeke, futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lehla ngo-40%. Ngokufaka i-pH monitor eku-inthanethi, ochwepheshe bathole ukulawula kwesikhathi sangempela, beqinisa i-COD engcolile engaphansi kuka-50 mg/L.
4. Ukuvuselela: Ukuvumela Ama-molecule Ukudansa I-Waltz Ephelele
Ijubane nesikhathi sokuxubha kufana nesigqi somdanso: ngokushesha kakhulu kuzophula ama-floc, kancane kakhulu ngeke kuwaxube kahle. Isitshalo sokuhlanza amanzi amdaka sikamasipala samukele isu "lokuxubha okusheshayo bese kuhamba kancane": imizuzu emibili yokuqala yachithwa ixuba ngokushesha ngesivinini esingu-150 rpm ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okugcwele phakathi kwe-flocculant esusa umbala kanye nokungcola; imizuzu emihlanu elandelayo yachithwa ixuba kancane ngesivinini esingu-30 rpm ukuvumela ama-floc ukuthi akhule kancane kancane. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuxubha okusheshayo nokuhamba kancane kwandise usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-floc kusuka ku-50 μm kuya ku-200 μm, futhi isivinini sokuzinza sanda izikhathi ezintathu.
5. Isikhathi: Ubuciko Bokuthuthwa Kwendle
Isikhathi sokuphumula sifana nenqubo yokwenza iwayini: sifushane kakhulu futhi iwayini libuthakathaka, lide kakhulu futhi lilahlekelwa ubusha balo. Ipaki yezimboni yamakhemikhali ithole ngokuhlola okuqhathanisayo ukuthi lapho isikhathi sokuphumula sandiswa kusukela kumaminithi angu-30 kuya kumaminithi angu-45, izinga lokususwa kwe-SS lenyuke kusukela ku-85% laya ku-92%. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwemizuzu engu-60, ama-floc azinzile aphinde amiswa ngenxa “yokuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu,” okwenza ukuba ukungcola okungcolile kuphinde kubuye.
Kusukela kumthamo kanye nokushisa kuya enanini le-pH kanye nokuxuba, yonke imininingwane ye-flocculant eshintsha umbala inquma ikhwalithi yokugcina yamanzi. Njengoba unjiniyela onolwazi lokwelapha amanzi ake asho, “Asiphathi amanzi, kodwa sixhumana nama-molecule.” Lapho ithonsi ngalinye le-ejenti lithola indawo yalo efanele, izinga ngalinye lokushisa lilungile, futhi umzuzu ngamunye wokuthungwa kwenziwa ngesineke, amanzi acwebile ekugcineni azofakazela lokhu kuhlonipha imvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-26-2025