Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amazwe emhlabeni wonke azame izindlela ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, elangazelela ukuzuza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, nokubuyisela indawo ezungezile yomhlaba.
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ukusuka kungqimba kuya kwesendlalelo, izitshalo zokukhucululwa kwendle, njengabathengi bamandla amakhulu, ngokwemvelo zibhekene noguquko:
Isibonelo, qinisa umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukungcola futhi uhlanganyele ekususweni kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ngokweqile;
Isibonelo, ukwenza ngcono izinga lokuzanelisa kwamandla ukuze kwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kanye noguquko ukuze kuzuzwe ukwelashwa kwendle enekhabhoni ephansi;
Isibonelo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekubuyiseni izinsiza ohlelweni lokuhlanza indle ukuze kuzuzwe ukugaywa kabusha.
Ngakho kukhona:
Ngo-2003, isikhungo sokuqala samanzi esibuyiselwe emhlabeni i-NeWater sakhiwa eSingapore, futhi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwendle kwafinyelela ezindinganisweni zamanzi okuphuza;
Ngo-2005, isitshalo se-Austrian Strass sokuhlanza indle sazuza amandla okuzimela ngokokuqala ngqá emhlabeni, sithembele kuphela ekutholeni amandla amakhemikhali endle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okwelashwa kwendle;
Ngo-2016, umthetho waseSwitzerland wagunyaza ukubuyiselwa kwemithombo ye-phosphorus engavuseleleki emanzini (udaka), ubulongwe bezilwane nokunye ukungcola.
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Njengamandla ahlonishwa umhlaba wonke okongiwa kwamanzi, iNetherlands ngokwemvelo ayisemuva kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke namuhla, umhleli uzokhuluma nawe mayelana nendlela izitshalo zokukhuculula indle eNetherlands zithuthukiswa futhi ziguqulwa ngayo ngenkathi yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Umqondo wamanzi angcolile e-Netherlands - uhlaka lwe-NEWs
I-Netherlands, etholakala engxenyeni ye-Rhine, i-Maas ne-Scheldt, iyindawo ephansi.
Njengongoti wezemvelo, njalo uma ngikhuluma ngeHolland, into yokuqala efika engqondweni yami iDelft University of Technology.
Ikakhulukazi, i-Kluvyer Biotechnology Laboratory idume umhlaba wonke ngezimpumelelo zayo kubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela bezinto ezincane. Izindlela eziningi zobuchwepheshe zokuhlanza indle esizijwayele manje zivela lapha.
Okufana nokususwa kwe-phosphorus ye-denitrification kanye nokubuyiswa kwe-phosphorus (BCFS), i-nitrification yebanga elifushane (SHARON), i-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX/CANON), i-aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), ukunothisa komfudlana oseceleni/i-nitrification evamile ethuthukisiwe (BABE), iPlastiki yebhayoloji ( PHA) ukugaywa kabusha, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe buphinde buthuthukiswe nguSolwazi Mark van Loosdrecht, lapho azuza khona “Umklomelo KaNobel” embonini yamanzi - uMklomelo Wamanzi waseSingapore u-Lee Kuan Yew.
Kudala, i-Delft University of Technology yaphakamisa umqondo wokulahlwa kwendle okusimeme. Ngo-2008, i-Netherlands Applied Water Research Foundation yafaka lo mqondo ohlakeni "lwezindaba".
Okusho ukuthi, isifinyezo segama elithi Nutrient (umsoco) + Amandla (amandla) + Amanzi (amanzi) amafekthri (imboni), okusho ukuthi indawo yokuhlanza indle ngaphansi komqondo osimeme empeleni iyimboni yokukhiqiza u-trinity yezakhi, amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha. amanzi.
Kwenzeka lokhu nje igama elithi “IZINDABA” nalo linencazelo entsha, okuyimpilo entsha nekusasa.
Zinhle kangakanani lezi "ZINDABA", ngaphansi kohlaka lwazo, cishe akukho mfucuza ngomqondo wendabuko endaweni yokukhucululwa kwendle:
I-Organic matter iyisithwali samandla, esingasetshenziselwa ukubuyisela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kanye nokufeza inhloso yokusebenza kwe-carbon-neutral; ukushisa okuqukethwe emanzini okuthuthwa kwendle ngokwawo kungabuye kuguqulwe kube inani elikhulu lamandla okushisa / abandayo ngokusebenzisa ipompo yokushisa yomthombo wamanzi, engakwazi ukufaka isandla kuphela ekusebenzeni kwe-carbon-neutral, kodwa futhi Ikwazi ukuthumela ukushisa / ukubanda emphakathini. Yilokhu okuphathelene nesikhungo sikagesi.
Izakhamzimba emanzini okuthuthwa kwendle, ikakhulukazi i-phosphorus, zingabuyiselwa ngokuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukuze kubambezeleke ukuntuleka kwemithombo ye-phosphorus ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Lokhu okuqukethwe yifekthri yezakhi.
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kokutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhamzimba, umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlanza indle ngendlela evamile usuqediwe, kanti izinsiza ezisele zingamanzi abuyiselwe esiwajwayele. Yilokhu okuphathelene nesitshalo samanzi esibuyiselwe.
Ngakho-ke, iNetherlands iphinde yafingqa izinyathelo zenqubo yokuhlanza indle yaba yizinqubo eziyisithupha ezinkulu: ①ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi; ②ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo; ③ngemuva kokwelashwa; ④ukwelashwa kodaka;
Kubukeka kulula, kodwa empeleni kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokukhetha ngemuva kwesinyathelo ngasinye senqubo, futhi ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bungasetshenziswa futhi ezinyathelweni zenqubo ehlukene, njengezimvume nezinhlanganisela, ungakwazi njalo ukuthola indlela efanelekile yokuphatha indle.
Uma udinga imikhiqizo engenhla ukugeza indle ehlukahlukene, sicela usithinte.
cr: Naiyanjun Environmental Protection Hydrosphere
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-25-2023