Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amazwe emhlabeni wonke azame izindlela ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe, elangazelela ukufeza ukongiwa kwamandla nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, nokubuyisela imvelo yomhlaba.
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kungqimba kuya kungqimba, izitshalo zendle, njengabasebenzisi abakhulu bamandla, zibhekene noshintsho ngokwemvelo:
Isibonelo, qinisa umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukungcola futhi uhlanganyele ekususweni kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ngokweqile;
Isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuzimela kwamandla ukuze kwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kanye nokuguqulwa ukuze kufezwe ukwelashwa kwendle okungenakhabhoni ephansi;
Isibonelo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukubuyiselwa kwezinsizakusebenza enkambisweni yokuhlanza indle ukuze kufezwe ukuvuselelwa kabusha.
Ngakho-ke kukhona:
Ngo-2003, kwakhiwa isitshalo samanzi sokuqala emhlabeni i-NeWater esakhiwe kabusha eSingapore, futhi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwendle kwafinyelela amazinga amanzi okuphuza;
Ngo-2005, isitshalo sokwelapha indle sase-Austrian Strass sathola ukuzimela kwamandla okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, sithembele kuphela ekubuyiselweni kwamandla amakhemikhali endle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okwelapha indle;
Ngo-2016, umthetho waseSwitzerland wayala ukuthi kubuyiselwe izinsiza ze-phosphorus ezingavuseleleki emanzini angcolile (udaka), umquba wezilwane kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.
…
Njengezwe elinamandla okulondolozwa kwamanzi aqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, iNetherlands ngokwemvelo ayikude kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke namuhla, umhleli uzokhuluma nawe ngendlela izitshalo zendle eNetherlands ezithuthukiswa futhi ziguqulwa ngayo enkathini yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Umqondo wamanzi angcolile eNetherlands - uhlaka lwe-NEWS
INetherlands, etholakala e-delta yeRhine, iMaas kanye neScheldt, iyizwe elisezansi.
Njengomuntu okhathalela ezemvelo, njalo uma ngikhuluma ngeHolland, into yokuqala efika engqondweni yami yiDelft University of Technology.
Ikakhulukazi, iKluvyer Biotechnology Laboratory yayo idume umhlaba wonke ngempumelelo yayo kwezobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bama-microbial. Ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokwelapha indle esibujwayele manje buvela lapha.
Njengokususwa kwe-phosphorus kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-phosphorus (BCFS), i-nitrification yebanga elifushane (SHARON), i-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX/CANON), i-aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), ukucebisa umfudlana oseceleni/i-nitrification enhanced (BABE), ukuphinda usebenzise i-biological Plastic (PHA), njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukiswa futhi nguSolwazi uMark van Loosdrecht, lapho awina khona “uMklomelo kaNobel” embonini yamanzi – uMklomelo Wamanzi waseSingapore uLee Kuan Yew.
Kudala, iDelft University of Technology yaphakamisa umqondo wokwelashwa kwendle okusimeme. Ngo-2008, iNetherlands Applied Water Research Foundation yafaka lo mqondo ohlakeni lwe-"NEWS".
Okusho ukuthi, isifinyezo sesisho esithi Nutrient (izakhamzimba) + Amandla (amandla) + Amanzi (amanzi) amafektri (ifektri), okusho ukuthi isitshalo sokwelapha indle ngaphansi komqondo oqhubekayo empeleni siyifektri yokukhiqiza kathathu yezakhamzimba, amandla kanye namanzi aphinde asetshenziswa.
Kwenzeka nje ukuthi igama elithi “IZINDABA” nalo linencazelo entsha, okungukuphila okusha kanye nekusasa.
Yeka ukuthi lezi "ZINDABA" zinhle kangakanani, ngaphansi kohlaka lwazo, cishe akukho mfucuza ngomqondo wendabuko endaweni yokukhuculula indle:
Izinto eziphilayo ziwumthwali wamandla, ongasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza nokufeza injongo yokusebenza okungenawo ugesi; ukushisa okuqukethwe yindle ngokwayo kungaguqulwa kube inani elikhulu lamandla okushisa/abandayo ngepompo yokushisa yomthombo wamanzi, engakwazi nje ukufaka isandla ekusebenzeni okungenawo ugesi, kodwa futhi ekwazi ukuthumela ukushisa/abandayo emphakathini. Yilokhu okushiwo yisitshalo samandla.
Izakhamzimba ezindle, ikakhulukazi i-phosphorus, zingatholakala ngempumelelo ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelapha, ukuze kubambezeleke ukuntuleka kwemithombo ye-phosphorus ngezinga elikhulu. Lokhu okuqukethwe yifektri yezakhamzimba.
Ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo nezakhamzimba sekuqediwe, umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwendle yendabuko usuqediwe, kanti izinsiza ezisele zingamanzi abuyiselwe esiwaziyo. Yilokhu okushiwo yisitshalo samanzi abuyiselwe.
Ngakho-ke, iNetherlands iphinde yafingqa izinyathelo zenqubo yokwelashwa kwendle ngezinqubo eziyisithupha ezinkulu: ①ngaphambi kokwelashwa; ②ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo; ③ngemva kokwelashwa; ④ukwelashwa kodaka;
Kubukeka kulula, kodwa empeleni kunezindlela eziningi zobuchwepheshe ongakhetha kuzo ngemuva kwesinyathelo ngasinye senqubo, futhi ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bungasetshenziswa nasezinyathelweni zenqubo ezahlukene, njengokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuhlanganiswa, ungathola njalo indlela efanele kakhulu yokwelapha indle.
Uma udinga imikhiqizo engenhla ukuze uphathe indle ehlukahlukene, sicela usithinte.
cr: I-Naiyanjun Environmental Protection Hydrosphere
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-25-2023