Ama-polymer anamandla okumunca athuthukiswa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960. Ngo-1961, i-Northern Research Institute yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-US yafaka isitashi ku-acrylonitrile okokuqala ukuze yenze i-HSPAN starch acrylonitrile graft copolymer eyayidlula izinto ezivamile ezimunca amanzi. Ngo-1978, i-Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. yaseJapan yahola ekusebenziseni ama-polymer anamandla okumunca athuthukiswayo kuma-diapers alahlwayo, okuye kwadonsela ukunaka kososayensi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, i-UCC Corporation yase-United States yaphakamisa ukuxhumanisa ama-polymer ahlukahlukene e-olefin oxide nokwelashwa ngemisebe, futhi yahlanganisa ama-polymer angewona ama-ionic anamandla okumunca amanzi izikhathi ezingu-2000, ngaleyo ndlela yavula ukuhlanganiswa kwama-polymer angewona ama-ionic anamandla okumunca athuthukiswayo. Ngo-1983, i-Sanyo Chemicals yaseJapan yasebenzisa i-potassium acrylate lapho kukhona ama-diene compounds afana ne-methacrylamide ukuze i-polymerise ama-polymer anamandla okumunca athuthukiswayo. Ngemva kwalokho, inkampani iqhubekile nokukhiqiza izinhlelo ezahlukene ze-polymer ezimunca i-superabsorbent ezakhiwe yi-polyacrylic acid eguquliwe kanye ne-polyacrylamide. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene baye bathuthukisa futhi benza ama-polymer amunca i-superabsorbent athuthuka ngokushesha emazweni emhlabeni wonke. Njengamanje, amaqembu amathathu amakhulu okukhiqiza i-Japan Shokubai, i-Sanyo Chemical kanye ne-Stockhausen yaseJalimane akhe isimo esinama-level amathathu. Balawula u-70% wemakethe yomhlaba namuhla, futhi benza imisebenzi ehlangene yamazwe ngamazwe ngokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze balawule imakethe ephezulu yawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Ilungelo lokuthengisa ama-polymer amunca amanzi. Ama-polymer amunca amanzi amaningi anokusetshenziswa okubanzi kanye namathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuyinhloko kuseyimikhiqizo yenhlanzeko, ebalelwa cishe ku-70% wemakethe iyonke.
Njengoba i-sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin inamandla amakhulu okumunca amanzi kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugcina amanzi, inezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo njenge-ejenti yokugcina amanzi enhlabathini kwezolimo namahlathi. Uma inani elincane le-sodium polyacrylate emunca kakhulu lingezwa enhlabathini, izinga lokuhluma kwamabhontshisi athile kanye nokumelana nesomiso kwamahlumela ebhontshisi kungathuthukiswa, futhi ukungena komoya enhlabathini kungathuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwamanzi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa nokufiphala kanye nokulwa nokuminyana kwe-resin emunca kakhulu, ingasetshenziswa njengento entsha yokupakisha. Ifilimu yokupakisha eyenziwe ngezakhiwo ezihlukile ze-super absorbent polymer ingagcina ukudla kusha ngempumelelo. Ukwengeza inani elincane le-super absorbent polymer ezimonyweni nakho kungandisa i-viscosity ye-emulsion, okuyi-thickener efanelekile. Ukusebenzisa izici ze-super absorbent polymer emunca amanzi kuphela kodwa hhayi uwoyela noma izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqeda amanzi embonini.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-polymer ancelisayo kakhulu awayona into enobuthi, awacasuli umzimba womuntu, awabangeli ukusabela okungekuhle, futhi awabangeli ukujiya kwegazi, asetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Isibonelo, asetshenziselwa amafutha okugcoba angaphezulu kwamanzi futhi akhululekile ukuwasebenzisa; ukukhiqiza amabhandeshi ezokwelapha kanye namabhola kakotini angamunca ukopha kanye nokuphuma kokuhlinzwa kanye nokulimala, futhi angavimbela ukuminyana; ukukhiqiza ama-antibacterial agents angadlulisa amanzi kanye nemithi kodwa hhayi ama-microorganisms. Isikhumba sokwenziwa esithathelwanayo, njll.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kuye kwadonsela ukunaka okwengeziwe. Uma i-polymer emunca kakhulu ifakwa esikhwameni esincibilikayo endle, bese isikhwama sicwiliswa endle, lapho isikhwama sincibilika, i-polymer emunca kakhulu ingamunca ngokushesha uketshezi ukuze iqinise indle.
Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ama-polymer anamandla okumunca angasetshenziswa njengezinzwa zomswakama, izinzwa zokulinganisa umswakama, kanye nezinzwa zokuvuza kwamanzi. Ama-polymer anamandla okumunca angasetshenziswa njengezinto zokungenisa ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nezinto zokudonsa uwoyela.
Ngamafuphi, i-polymer emunca kakhulu uhlobo lwezinto ze-polymer ezinokusetshenziswa okubanzi kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwe-resin ye-polymer emunca kakhulu kunamandla amakhulu emakethe. Kulo nyaka, ngaphansi kwezimo zesomiso kanye nemvula encane ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho yezwe lami, indlela yokukhuthaza nokusebenzisa ama-polymer amunca kakhulu ngumsebenzi ophuthumayo obhekene nososayensi bezolimo namahlathi kanye nochwepheshe. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kweSu Lokuthuthukiswa KwaseNtshonalanga, emsebenzini wokuthuthukisa inhlabathi, thuthukisa ngamandla futhi usebenzise imisebenzi eminingi esebenzayo yama-polymer amunca kakhulu, anezinzuzo ezingokoqobo kwezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho ezingaba khona. I-Zhuhai Demi Chemicals ihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwamamitha-skwele angu-30,000. Igxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezinto ezimunca kakhulu (SAP). Yinkampani yokuqala yasekhaya ehileleke kuma-resin amunca kakhulu ahlanganisa ucwaningo lwesayensi, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa, kanye nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe. Le nkampani inamalungelo obunikazi obuzimele, amakhono ocwaningo nentuthuko aqinile, futhi ihlale iqala imikhiqizo emisha. Le phrojekthi ifakiwe “ohlelweni lwezibani” lukazwelonke futhi inconywe izikhathi eziningi ngohulumeni kazwelonke, wezifundazwe kanye nomasipala.
Indawo Yokufaka Isicelo
1. Izicelo kwezolimo kanye nokulima
I-resin emunca kakhulu esetshenziswa kwezolimo nakwezolimo ibizwa nangokuthi i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kanye ne-soil conditioner. Izwe lami liyizwe elinokuntuleka okukhulu kwamanzi emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti okugcina amanzi kuya ngokuya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengamanje, izikhungo zocwaningo zasekhaya ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili zithuthukise imikhiqizo ye-resin emunca kakhulu yokusanhlamvu, ukotini, uwoyela, noshukela. , Ugwayi, izithelo, imifino, amahlathi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-60, indawo yokukhushulwa idlula amahektha angu-70,000, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-resin emunca kakhulu eNyakatho-ntshonalanga, Inner Mongolia nakwezinye izindawo zokulima amahlathi endaweni enkulu. Ama-resin amunca kakhulu asetshenziswa kulesi sici ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo exhunywe nge-starch acrylate polymer kanye nemikhiqizo exhunywe nge-acrylamide-acrylate copolymer, lapho usawoti ushintshe khona kusuka ohlotsheni lwe-sodium kuya ohlotsheni lwe-potassium. Izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo ukugqoka imbewu, ukufafaza, ukufaka imigodi, noma ukucwilisa izimpande zezitshalo ngemuva kokuxuba namanzi ukwenza i-paste. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-resin emunca kakhulu ingasetshenziswa ukumboza umanyolo bese ifaka umanyolo, ukuze kusebenze ngokugcwele izinga lokusetshenziswa komanyolo futhi kuvinjelwe imfucuza kanye nokungcola. Amazwe angaphandle nawo asebenzisa i-resin emunca kakhulu njengezinto zokupakisha ezigcina izithelo, imifino kanye nokudla.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlanzeka kusetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-napkin ahlanzekile, amanabukeni ezingane, ama-napkin, amaphakethe eqhwa lezokwelapha; izinto ezinuka njengejeli zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke ukulungisa isimo sezulu. Isetshenziswa njengezinto zokwelapha eziyisisekelo zamafutha okugcoba, okhilimu, ama-liniment, ama-cataplasm, njll., inemisebenzi yokuthambisa, ukuqina, ukungena kwesikhumba kanye nokuhlanza isikhumba. Ingenziwa futhi ibe yinkampani ehlakaniphile elawula inani lokukhishwa kwemithi, isikhathi sokukhululwa, kanye nendawo yokukhululwa.
3. Isicelo embonini
Sebenzisa umsebenzi we-resin emunca kakhulu ukumunca amanzi ekushiseni okuphezulu nokukhulula amanzi ekushiseni okuphansi ukuze wenze i-ejenti engangeni umswakama ezimbonini. Emisebenzini yokubuyisa uwoyela wensimu kawoyela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezindala zikawoyela, ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zamanzi ze-polyacrylamide ezinesisindo esiphezulu kakhulu sokufuduka kwamafutha kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuqedeni ukungcola kwamanzi ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo ezine-polarity ephansi. Kukhona nezithiya zezimboni, upende oncibilikayo emanzini, njll.
4. Ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni
Izinto ezivuvukala ngokushesha ezisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi okonga amanzi yi-resin emsulwa emunca amanzi kakhulu, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvaleni imigudu yamadamu ngezikhathi zezikhukhula, kanye nokuvala amanzi ezindaweni ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe ngaphambilini zezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba, imigudu kanye nemigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba; ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza indle yasemadolobheni kanye namaphrojekthi okumba indle. Udaka luyaqina ukuze kube lula ukumba kanye nokuthuthwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-08-2021