Amagama angukhiye: I-flocculant yokususa umbala, i-ejenti yokususa umbala, umenzi we-ejenti yokususa umbala
Emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini,ama-flocculant asusa umbalaziphathe “njengodokotela osezingeni lamanzi,” ikakhulukazi oxilonga futhi anikeze imithi yokwelapha amanzi angcolile avela ezimbonini ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, lo dokotela unesimiso: ungalokothi “welaphe” ngaphandle kwemboni yakhe. Kungani izinto zokudaya nokunyathelisa zingasetshenziswa ngqo ezigayweni zephepha? Kungani amafomula efektri yokudla engelapha amanzi angcolile asebenzisa ugesi? Ngemuva kwalokhu kukhona “ikhodi yemboni” yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini.
1. “Umehluko Wezakhi Zofuzo” Wamanzi Angcolile Embonini
Amanzi angcolile avela ezimbonini ezahlukene afana nabantu abanezinhlobo ezahlukene zegazi, adinga "igazi elishintsha umbala elishintsha umbala." Thatha ukudaya nokuphrinta amanzi angcolile njengesibonelo; aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengedayi ze-azo kanye namadayi aphendulayo. Lezi zinto zakha ama-colloid ashaje kabi emanzini, adinga ama-cationic decolorizing agents ukuze anciphise ukushaja futhi afeze ukudaya umbala. Amanzi angcolile e-paper mill akhiwe ngokuyinhloko yi-lignin ne-cellulose, futhi izakhiwo zawo ze-colloidal zihluke kakhulu kwezamadayi. Ukuphoqelela ukusetshenziswa kwama-dyeing agents kulokhu kufana nokuzama ukwelapha ukuphuka kwethambo ngomuthi obandayo - umphumela uzoncipha kakhulu.
Isibonelo esivamile kakhulu amanzi angcolile okucubungula ukudla. Lolu hlobo lwamanzi angcolile lucebile ngezinto eziphilayo ezifana namaprotheni nesitashi, futhi inani lawo le-pH livame ukungathathi hlangothi noma libe ne-asidi encane. Ukusebenzisa ukudaya okune-alkaline enamandla okususa umbala we-flocculants ngeke nje kwehluleke ukususa umbala wamanzi angcolile ngempumelelo kodwa futhi kuzobhubhisa amagciwane awusizo, okuholela ekuweni kwezinqubo zokwelapha zebhayoloji ezilandelayo. Lokhu kufana nokunikeza i-adrenaline ngephutha esigulini esinesifo sikashukela ngenkathi ujova i-insulin - imiphumela ayicabangeki.
2. "Ukufaniswa Okunembile" kwamapharamitha Obuchwepheshe
Inani le-pH “liyindinganiso yegolide” yokukhetha ama-flocculant asusa umbala. Isitshalo samakhemikhali sake sasebenzisa ngqo i-ejenti yokususa umbala emanzini angcolile asebenzisa i-electroplating (pH=2) emanzini angcolile emithi (pH=8), okuholela ekungasebenzini ngokuphelele kwe-ejenti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo ene-acid enamandla izobola ama-cationic agents, kuyilapho indawo ene-alkaline ingabangela ukuna kwama-flocculant asusa umbala anionic. Izinga lokushisa libaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukusebenzisa ama-ejenti okushisa okuphansi emanzini angcolile ashisa kakhulu (60℃) avela ezimayini zendwangu kuzoholela kuma-floc akhululekile futhi ahlale kancane, njengokusebenzisa iqhwa ukupheka imbiza eshisayo - ukwephulwa okuphelele kwemithetho yemvelo.
3. “Iphuzu Elibili Elibalulekile” Lomnotho Nokuphepha
Ukusebenzisa ama-ejenti kuzo zonke izimboni kungase kubonakale kungabizi kakhulu, kodwa kunezingozi ezinkulu. Enye inkampani, ngomzamo wokonga imali, isebenzise i-flocculant yefektri yesikhumba esusa umbala ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi amdaka esibhedlela, okwaholela ekukhishweni kwensimbi esindayo ngokweqile kanye nezinhlawulo ezinkulu ezivela kuziphathimandla zemvelo. Nakuba ama-ejenti akhethekile ebiza kakhulu, ukulinganisa okunembile kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngo-30%, okuholela ekwehliseni izindleko zizonke. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-ejenti enziwe ngokwezifiso angavimbela ukungcola kwesibili. Imboni yephepha, ngemva kokusebenzisa i-flocculant esusa umbala ngenhloso evamile, yabhekana ne-COD eningi ekungcoleni kwayo, yaphoqa ukuthi itshale imali ezindaweni zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe, ekugcineni yaphindeka kabili izindleko zayo.
4. “Izithiyo Eziqinile” Zezindinganiso Zemboni
"Indinganiso Yokukhipha Ukungcola Kwamanzi Yemboni Yokudaya Neyokuqedela Izindwangu" idinga ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculant akhethekile okususa umbala. Lokhu akuyona nje imininingwane yobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kuyisibopho esisemthethweni. Inkampani yokudaya nokunyathelisa yafakwa ohlwini lwabamnyama yiziphathimandla zezemvelo ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ajwayelekile ngokungemthetho, okwaholela ngqo ekulahlekelweni kwama-oda. Ama-flocculant akhethekile embonini ngokuvamile aqinisekiswe yi-ISO futhi anemibiko ephelele yokuhlola, kuyilapho amakhemikhali ajwayelekile evame ukungabi namadokhumenti okuthobela imithetho, okubeka izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu.
Akukho sixazululo "esifanela bonke" sokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini; isinyathelo ngasinye sinendlela yaso ehlukile. Kusukela ekuhlukeni kokwakheka kanye nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe kuya ezindlekweni zomnotho kanye nezikweletu zomthetho, zonke izici zikhuluma ngeqiniso elifanayo: ukususa umbala we-flocculant ezivela ezimbonini ezahlukene akumelwe kuhlanganiswe. Lokhu akuyona nje indaba yokukhetha ubuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kuyindaba yokuhlonipha imithetho yemvelo kanye nokuzibophezela emvelweni wemvelo. Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba ukuhlukaniswa kwemboni kuya ngokuya kucwengeka, ukwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokukhethekile kuzoba yindlela yokwelapha amanzi amdaka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-27-2026