Ake siqale sichaze ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-osmotic: sebenzisa ulwelwesi olungena kancane ukuhlukanisa izixazululo ezimbili zikasawoti zokugxila okuhlukile. Ama-athomu amanzi esixazululo sikasawoti sokugxilwa kancane azodlula kulwelwesi olungena kancane lungene esixazululweni sikasawoti ogxilile kakhulu, futhi ama-molecule wamanzi esixazululo sikasawoti sokugxila kakhulu azophinde adlule kulwelwesi olungena-permeable lube isixazululo sikasawoti wokugxilwa kancane, kodwa inani lincane, ngakho-ke izinga loketshezi ohlangothini lwesisombululo sikasawoti lokugxila kakhulu lizokhuphuka. Lapho umehluko wokuphakama wamazinga oketshezi nhlangothi zombili ukhiqiza ingcindezi eyanele ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angaphinde ageleze, i-osmosis izoma. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingcindezi ekhiqizwa umehluko wokuphakama wamazinga oketshezi nhlangothi zombili ingcindezi ye-osmotic. Ngokuvamile, lapho usawoti uphezulu kakhulu, ingcindezi ye-osmotic iyanda.
Isimo sama-microorganisms emanzini anosawoti sifana nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-osmotic. Isakhiwo seyunithi yama-microorganisms amaseli, futhi udonga lweseli lulingana nolwelwesi olungena-permeable. Uma i-ion ye-chloride ingaphansi noma ilingana no-2000mg/L, ingcindezi ye-osmotic udonga lweseli olungamelana nayo ingu-0.5-1.0 atmospheres. Ngisho noma udonga lwamaseli kanye nolwelwesi lwe-cytoplasmic lunokuqina nokunwebeka okuthile, ingcindezi ye-osmotic udonga lwamaseli engakwazi ukumelana nayo ngeke ibe mkhulu kune-atmospheres engu-5-6. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukugxila kwe-ion ye-chloride kusixazululo esinamanzi kungaphezu kuka-5000mg/L, umfutho we-osmotic uzokhuphuka ufinyelele kuma-atmospheres angaba ngu-10-30. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ye-osmotic, inani elikhulu lama-molecule amanzi ku-microorganism lizongena kwisisombululo se-extracorporeal, okubangela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye ne-plasmolysis, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, i-microorganism izofa. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, abantu basebenzisa usawoti (i-sodium chloride) ukucwilisa imifino nezinhlanzi, ukuvala inzalo nokugcina ukudla, okuwukusetshenziswa kwalesi simiso.
Idatha yesipiliyoni sobunjiniyela ibonisa ukuthi uma ukugxiliswa kwe-chloride ion emanzini angcolile kungaphezu kuka-2000mg/L, umsebenzi wama-microorganisms uzovinjelwa futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lizokwehla kakhulu; lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride ion emanzini angcolile kungaphezu kuka-8000mg/L, kuzokwenza ukuthi umthamo we-sludge ukhule, inani elikhulu legwebu lizovela phezu kwamanzi, futhi ama-microorganisms azofa ngokulandelana.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokufuywa isikhathi eside, ama-microorganisms azojwayela kancane kancane ukukhula nokukhiqiza emanzini anosawoti aphezulu. Njengamanje, abanye abantu banamagciwane afuywayo angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ne-chloride ion noma i-sulfate concentrations engaphezu kuka-10000mg/L. Kodwa-ke, isimiso sokucindezela kwe-osmotic sisitshela ukuthi ukugcwala kukasawoti ku-cell fluid ye-microorganisms eye yajwayela ukukhula nokuzala emanzini anosawoti aphezulu kakhulu iphezulu kakhulu. Uma usawoti emanzini angcolile usuphansi noma uphansi kakhulu, inani elikhulu lama-molecule amanzi emanzini angcolile lizongena ku-microorganisms, okwenza amangqamuzana e-microbial avuvuke, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, aqhekeke futhi afe. Ngakho-ke, ama-microorganisms afuywe isikhathi eside futhi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kancane kancane ekukhuleni nasekukhiqizeni emanzini anosawoti aphezulu kakhulu adinga ukuthi ukuhlushwa kukasawoti kuthonya le-biochemical njalo kugcinwe ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi akukwazi ukuguquguquka, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-microorganisms azofa ngamanani amakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-28-2025