Ake siqale sichaze ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-osmotic: sebenzisa i-membrane engangenisi amanzi ukuze uhlukanise izixazululo ezimbili zikasawoti ezinamazinga ahlukene. Ama-molecule amanzi esisombululo sikasawoti esinomthamo ophansi azodlula e-membrane engangenisi amanzi aye esisombululoni sikasawoti esinomthamo ophakeme, kanti ama-molecule amanzi esisombululo sikasawoti esinomthamo ophakeme nawo azodlula e-membrane engangenisi amanzi aye esisombululoni sikasawoti esinomthamo ophansi, kodwa inani lincane, ngakho-ke izinga loketshezi ohlangothini lwesisombululo sikasawoti esinomthamo ophakeme lizokhuphuka. Lapho umehluko wokuphakama kwamazinga oketshezi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ukhiqiza ingcindezi eyanele ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angaphinde ageleze, i-osmosis izoma. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingcindezi ekhiqizwa umehluko wokuphakama kwamazinga oketshezi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ingcindezi ye-osmotic. Ngokuvamile, lapho ukugcwala kukasawoti kuphakeme, kulapho ingcindezi ye-osmotic iba nkulu khona.
Isimo sama-microorganisms ezixazululweni zamanzi anosawoti sifana nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-osmotic. Isakhiwo seyunithi yama-microorganisms ngamaseli, kanti udonga lweseli lulingana ne-membrane engena kancane. Lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride ion kungaphansi noma kulingana no-2000mg/L, ingcindezi ye-osmotic udonga lweseli olungayimelana nayo ingu-0.5-1.0 atmospheres. Ngisho noma udonga lweseli kanye ne-cytoplasmic membrane zinokuqina nokunwebeka okuthile, ingcindezi ye-osmotic udonga lweseli olungayimelana nayo ngeke ibe ngaphezu kwama-atmospheres angu-5-6. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride ion esixazululweni samanzi kungaphezu kuka-5000mg/L, ingcindezi ye-osmotic izokhuphuka ibe cishe ama-atmospheres angu-10-30. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kangaka ye-osmotic, inani elikhulu lama-molecule amanzi ku-microorganism lizongena esixazululweni esingaphandle komzimba, okubangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwamaseli kanye ne-plasmolysis, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-microorganism izofa. Empilweni yansuku zonke, abantu basebenzisa usawoti (i-sodium chloride) ukukha imifino nokudoba, ukubulala amagciwane nokugcina ukudla, okuwukusetshenziswa kwalesi simiso.
Idatha yokuhlangenwe nakho kobunjiniyela ikhombisa ukuthi uma ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride ion emanzini amdaka kungaphezu kuka-2000mg/L, umsebenzi wezinto ezincane uzovinjelwa futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lizokwehla kakhulu; uma ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride ion emanzini amdaka kungaphezu kuka-8000mg/L, kuzobangela ukuthi ivolumu yodaka yande, kuzovela igwebu elikhulu phezu kwamanzi, futhi izinto ezincane zizofa ngokulandelana.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuhlala ekhaya isikhathi eside, ama-microorganism azojwayela kancane kancane ukukhula nokuzala emanzini anosawoti amaningi. Njengamanje, abanye abantu bane-microorganisms ezifuywayo ezingajwayelana nama-chloride ion noma ama-sulfate angaphezu kuka-10000mg/L. Kodwa-ke, isimiso sokucindezela kwe-osmotic sisitshela ukuthi ukugcwala kukasawoti koketshezi lwamaseli ama-microorganisms azivumelanise nokukhula nokuzala emanzini anosawoti amaningi kuphezulu kakhulu. Uma ukugcwala kukasawoti emanzini angcolile kuphansi noma kuphansi kakhulu, inani elikhulu lama-molecule amanzi emanzini angcolile lizongena kuma-microorganisms, okubangela ukuba amaseli ama-microbial avuvuke, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, aqhume futhi afe. Ngakho-ke, ama-microorganisms asebefuywa ekhaya isikhathi eside futhi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kancane kancane nokukhula nokuzala emanzini anosawoti amaningi adinga ukuthi ukugcwala kukasawoti ethonyeni le-biochemical kuhlale kusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ngeke kushintshe, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-microorganisms azofa ngobuningi obukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-28-2025