Iningi labantu bezwe lami lihlala emadolobheni amancane nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanye nokungcoliswa kwendle ukuthuthwa kwendle kwasendaweni yasemakhaya kudonsele ukunakwa okwandayo. Ngaphandle kwesilinganiso sokwelashwa sendle esiphansi esifundeni saseNtshonalanga, izinga lokuthuthwa kwendle ezindaweni zasemakhaya zezwe lami liye landa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izwe lami linensimu enkulu, kanye nezimo zezemvelo, imikhuba ephilayo kanye nezimo zezomnotho zamadolobhana namadolobhana ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ziyehluka kakhulu. Ungawenza kanjani umsebenzi omuhle ekwelashweni kwendle okwenziwe ngokondleka ngokuya ngezimo zasendaweni, isipiliyoni samazwe athuthukile kufanele sikufanele ukufundwa.
ubuchwepheshe bezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwendle kwezwe lami
Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zobuchwepheshe bokwethulwa kwendle zasemakhaya ezweni lami (bheka umfanekiso 1): Ubuchwepheshe be-Biofilm, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa komhlaba, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa komhlaba, nobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa komhlaba. Degree yesicelo, futhi ube namacala aphumelelayo wokuphathwa kokusebenza. Ngokombono wezinga lokwethuthwa kwendle, umthamo wezokwelapha wamanzi ngokuvamile angaphansi kwamathani angama-500.
1. Izinzuzo nobubi bezobuchwepheshe bezokuthuthwa kwendle basemakhaya
Emsebenzini wokwelashwa kwendle zasemakhaya, ubuchwepheshe benqubo ngayinye bukhombisa izinzuzo ezilandelayo kanye nobunzima:
Indlela esetshenzisiwe ye-Sludge: Ukulawulwa okuguqukayo nokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo, kepha izindleko ezijwayelekile zomndeni ngamunye ziphezulu, futhi abasebenzi abakhethekile bayadingeka ukuze basebenze nasekulungiseni.
Ubuchwepheshe obunamanzi obubanzi: izindleko zokwakha eziphansi, kepha isilinganiso sokususa esiphansi kanye nokusebenza okuphazamisayo kanye nokuphatha.
Ukwelashwa komhlaba: Ukwakhiwa komhlaba, ukusebenza kanye nokunakekelwa kulula, futhi izindleko ziphansi, kepha zingangcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi afune ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokuphathwa kwesondlo.
I-Biological Turntable + Plant Bend: Ilungele isifunda esiseningizimu, kepha kunzima ukusebenza futhi iqhubeke.
Isiteshi Sokuthuthwa Kwendle Sokuthuthwa Kwendle: Eduze nendlela yokwelashwa yokukhucululwa kwendle indle yase-Urban. Inzuzo ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-Effluent Yamanzi ilungile, futhi ukungahambi kahle ukuthi ngeke kufezeke ngezidingo zokukhucululwa kwendle kwezolimo zasemakhaya.
Yize ezinye izindawo zikhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwendle basemaphamani, "abanamandla", "amandla anamandla" wezokuthutha wendle asalandisa ngengxenye enkulu. Njengamanje, ezindaweni eziningi zasemakhaya, umhlaba wabelwe amakhaya, futhi kunamazwe omphakathi ambalwa, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa komhlaba ezindaweni ezithuthukile ngokomnotho liphansi kakhulu. Izinsizakusebenza eziphakeme, ezingaphansi komhlaba ezitholakala zokwelashwa kwendle. Ngakho-ke, "Ubuchwepheshe bokwethulwa kwendle obushukumisayo" obunamandla "bunethemba lesicelo esihle ezindaweni ezinokusetshenziswa okuncane komhlaba, umnotho othuthukile nezidingo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwendle obusindisa amandla futhi banciphise ukusetshenziswa sekuphenduke umkhuba wokuthuthuka kwezokuthuthwa kokwethulwa kwendle ezifuywayo emadolobhaneni nasemadolobheni.
2. Imodi yokuhlanganisa yezobuchwepheshe bokwethulwa kwendle basemakhaya
Inhlanganisela yezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuthuthwa kwezokuSebenza ngokuyinhloko inezindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Imodi yokuqala ngu-MBR noma oxhumana no-oxidation noma inqubo esetshenzisiwe ye-sludge. I-sendle kuqala ingena ethangini le-septic, bese lingena kuyunithi yokwelashwa ngemvelo, bese ekugcineni likhipha emzimbeni wamanzi ozungezile ukuze aphinde asebenzise. Ukusetshenziswa kwendle yasemakhaya kuvame kakhulu.
Imodi yesibili yi-Anaerobic + I-Anaerolial Wetland noma ichibi le-anaerobic + noma umhlaba we-anaerobic +, okungukuthi, uphiko lwe-Anaerobic lusetshenziswa ngemuva kwethangi le-septic, nangemva kokulashwa kwemvelo, likhishwe emvelweni noma lingena kwizolimo.
Imodi yesithathu icushiwe i-slidege + emanzi okufakelwa i-slideland, ichibi elisetshenzisiwe, thintana ne-oxidation + ama-aerobic kanye namadivayisi wezokwelapha asetshenziswa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen kanye ne-phosphorus.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, imodi yokuqala ama-akhawunti we-Akhawunti enkulu kunazo zonke, efinyelela kuma-61%).
Phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezingenhla ezingenhla, i-MBR inomphumela ongcono wezokwelapha futhi ilungele ezinye izindawo ezinezidingo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zamanzi, kepha izindleko zokusebenza ziphakeme kakhulu. Izindleko ezisebenzayo kanye nezindleko zokwakha ze-Wetland Technology ezakhiwe ziphansi kakhulu, kepha uma zithathwa njengezinto eziphelele, kuyadingeka ukwandisa inqubo ye-ageration ukufeza umphumela ofanele wamanzi ofanele.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-SECENTARED SEANTAGELWETHELWE
1. I-United States
Mayelana nohlelo lokuphatha kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, ukwelashwa kwendle okwenziwe ngokondle e-United States kusebenza ngaphansi kohlaka oluphelele. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokuthuthwa lwendle oluhlukanisiwe e-United States ikakhulukazi lunobuchwepheshe obulandelayo:
I-Septic Tank. Amathangi we-Septic nokuphathwa komhlaba kuvame ukusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe phesheya. Ngokusho kwemininingwane yenhlolovo yaseJalimane, cishe ama-32% okuhambisa indle alungele ukwelashwa komhlaba, okuyi-10-20% engafaneleki. Imbangela yokwehluleka kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lungcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, njenge: isikhathi sokusetshenziswa ngokweqile; umthwalo we-hydraulic ngokweqile; izinkinga zokuqamba nezokufaka; Izinkinga Zokuphathwa Kokusebenza, njll.
Isihlungi sesihlabathi. Ukuhlunga kwesihlabathi kungubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa okuvame kakhulu ukuthutha kwendle e-United States, okungathola umphumela omuhle wokususwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-aerobic. Ukwelashwa kwe-Aerobic kusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi e-United States, kanti isilinganiso sokwelashwa ngokuvamile kungu-1.5-5.7t / D, sisebenzisa indlela yokuphumula yemvelo noma indlela esetshenzisiwe ye-sludge. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-United States iphinde yanamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekusingatheni okusebenzayo kokusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen kanye ne-phosphorus. Iningi le-nitrogen e-United States litholakala emanzini angcolile. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula ezalandela ngokuhlukaniswa kusenesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amagciwane, ukususwa kwezakhi zomzimba, ukuhlukaniswa komthombo, kanye no-n no-P ukususwa nokululama.
2. Japan
Ubuchwepheshe bokwethulwa kwendle obuhle kakhulu bakwaWabani baziwa kakhulu ngohlelo lwawo lwe-septic Tank Tanky. Imithombo yokukhucululwa kwendle ekhaya eJapan ihlukile ngandlela thile kulabo abasezweni lami. Iqoqwa ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi aandry wachitha namanzi angcolile ekhishini.
Amathangi e-Septic eJapan afakwe ezindaweni ezingalungele ukuqoqwa kwenethiwekhi yepayipi nokuthi lapho inani labantu liphansi kakhulu. Amathangi e-Septic aklanyelwe abantu kanye namapharamitha ahlukahlukene. Yize kuthathelwa indawo amathangi akhona amanje ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, asabuswa ukucwila. Ngemuva kwe-ao reactor, i-anaerobic, i-deoxidizing, i-aerobic, i-sedimentation, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nezinye izinqubo, kufanele kuthiwe ithangi le-septic lisekusebenzeni okujwayelekile. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwe-Septic Tanks eJapan akuyona nje inkinga yezobuchwepheshe, kepha uhlelo lokuphatha oluphelele oluphelele ngaphansi kohlaka oluphelele lwezomthetho, kwakha icala eliphumelelayo. Njengamanje, kunamacala okufaka isicelo samathangi se-Septic ezweni lethu, futhi kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kukhona nezimakethe eziseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Amazwe anjenge-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Indonesia, kanye nePhilippines nathi kuthinteka nenqubomgomo yokwelashwa kwendle ebekiwe yokuthuthwa kwendle. IMalaysia ne-Indonesia yakha imininingwane yabo yezobuchwepheshe yasekhaya kanye nemihlahlandlela yamathangi se-septic, kodwa ekusebenzeni lokhu kucaciswa kanye nemihlahlandlela kungenzeka kungalungele isimo sabo sokuthuthuka komnotho esikhona njengamanje.
3. I-European Union
Eqinisweni, kunamazwe athile athuthuke ngokwezomnotho nakwezobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwe-EU, kanye nezifunda ezithile ezokwezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngentuthuko yezomnotho, ziyefana nezimo zezwe zaseChina. Ngemuva kokuthola ukuphumelela kwezomnotho, i-EU futhi isebenza kanzima ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwelashwa kwendle, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2005 kwadlula i-EU Standard En12566-3 ukuthola ukwelashwa kwendle okuhle kakhulu. Leli Zinga kufanele lishiwo ukuthi liyindlela yokuvumelanisa nezindlela ezisetshenziselwa izimo zendawo, izimo zendawo, njll., Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi kufaka amathangi e-septic kanye nokwelashwa komhlaba. Phakathi kolunye uchungechunge lwamazinga, izikhungo eziphelele, izitshalo ezincane zokwethaba izitshalo nezinhlelo zokuhlekisa nazo zifakiwe.
4. I-India
Ngemuva kokwethula kafushane amacala amazwe ambalwa athuthukile, ake ngikwazise isimo samazwe asathuthuka eSoutheast Asia asondelene nezwe lami elisezomnotho. Ukukhucululwa kwendle ezifuywayo eNdiya ikakhulukazi kuvela emanzi angcolile ekhishini. Ngokuya kokwelashwa kwendle, ubuchwepheshe be-septic tank okwamanje buyindawo esetshenziswa kakhulu eSoutheast Asia. Kepha inkinga ejwayelekile iyafana neyezwe lethu, okungukuthi, zonke izinhlobo zokungcola kwamanzi zisobala kakhulu. Ngokusekelwa nguHulumeni waseNdiya, izenzo nezinhlelo zokukala ngempumelelo amathangi e-septic, ngokucaciswa kokwelashwa kwethangi le-septic kanye nezobuchwepheshe be-oxidation endaweni.
5. I-Indonesia
I-Indonesia itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Yize ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kwasemakhaya kubuyela emuva emuva, ukucubelwa kwendle kwasekhaya kwabahlali bendawo kukhishwa ikakhulu imifula. Ngakho-ke, izimo zezempilo zasemakhaya eMalaysia, eThailand, eVietnam nakwamanye amazwe azinethemba. Ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi we-septic kuma-akhawunti e-Indonesia ama-50%, futhi abuye ahlele nezinqubomgomo ezifanele zokukhuthaza izinkambiso zokusebenzisa amathangi e-septic e-Indonesia.
Isipiliyoni sakwamanye amazwe athuthukile
Ukufingqa kafushane, amazwe athuthukile anokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi okuthuthukile izwe lami elingafunda kulo: Uhlelo lokuthuthuka emazweni athuthukile luphelele futhi lulinganise, futhi lukhona uhlelo lokuphathwa kokusebenza olusebenzayo, kufaka phakathi ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kanye nemfundo yezomphakathi. , Ngenkathi izimiso zokuphathwa kwendle emazweni athuthukile zicacile.
Ngokukhethekile faka: (1) Cacisa umthwalo wemfanelo wokwelashwa kwendle, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, uMbuso uxhasa ukwelashwa okuhlukaniswe indle ngokusebenzisa imali nezinqubomgomo; bakha amazinga ahambisanayo ukuphatha nokuqondisa ukwelashwa okuhlukanisiwe kwendle; . . .
Enqubweni yohlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo, okuhlangenwe nakho okuphumelelayo kanye nezifundo zokwehluleka zifingqiwe ukuze zibone ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwendle kwezwe.
Cr.antop
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: APR-13-2023