Ake ngingenise i-SAP onesithakazelo kakhulu kuyo muva nje! I-Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) uhlobo olusha lwezinto ze-polymer ezisebenzayo. Inomsebenzi omkhulu wokumunca amanzi omunca amanzi ngokuphindwe kangamakhulu amaningana kuya kwezinkulungwane eziningana kunayo, futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugcina amanzi. Uma isimunca amanzi futhi ikhukhumala ibe yi-hydrogel, kunzima ukuhlukanisa amanzi noma ngabe icindezelwe. Ngakho-ke, inokusetshenziswa okubanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene njengemikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni nezolimo, kanye nobunjiniyela bezokwakha.
I-resin emunca kakhulu uhlobo lwama-macromolecule aqukethe amaqembu athanda amanzi kanye nesakhiwo esixhumene. Yaqala ukukhiqizwa yiFanta nabanye ngokufaka isitashi nge-polyacrylonitrile bese kuba yi-saponifying. Ngokusho kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, kukhona uchungechunge lwesitashi (oluhlanganisiwe, oluhlanganisiwe, njll.), uchungechunge lwe-cellulose (i-carboxymethylated, oluhlanganisiwe, njll.), uchungechunge lwe-polymer zokwenziwa (i-polyacrylic acid, i-polyvinyl alcohol, uchungechunge lwe-polyoxy Ethylene, njll.) ezigabeni eziningana. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesitashi kanye ne-cellulose, i-polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin inochungechunge lwezinzuzo ezifana nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, inqubo elula, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, amandla okumunca amanzi aqinile, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside eshalofini lomkhiqizo. Sekuyiyona ndawo ethandwa kakhulu ocwaningweni lwamanje kulo mkhakha.
Iyini isimiso salo mkhiqizo? Njengamanje, i-polyacrylic acid ikhiqiza u-80% womkhiqizo we-resin omunca kakhulu emhlabeni. I-resin emunca kakhulu ngokuvamile iyi-electrolyte ye-polymer equkethe iqembu elithanda amanzi kanye nesakhiwo esixhumene. Ngaphambi kokumunca amanzi, amaketanga e-polymer asondelene futhi ahlanganiswe ndawonye, axhumene ukuze akhe isakhiwo senethiwekhi, ukuze kufezwe ukubopha okuphelele. Uma exhumana namanzi, ama-molecule amanzi angena ku-resin ngesenzo se-capillary kanye nokusabalala, futhi amaqembu e-ionized ku-chain afakwa ku-ion emanzini. Ngenxa yokuxoshwa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwama-ion afanayo ku-chain, i-polymer chain iyanwebeka futhi ivuvuke. Ngenxa yesidingo sokungathathi hlangothi kukagesi, ama-counter ion awakwazi ukuthuthela ngaphandle kwe-resin, futhi umehluko ekugxilweni kwama-ion phakathi kwesisombululo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-resin wakha ingcindezi ye-osmotic ebuyela emuva. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sengcindezi ye-osmosis ebuyela emuva, amanzi angena kakhulu ku-resin ukuze akhe i-hydrogel. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo senethiwekhi esixhumene kanye nokubopha kwe-hydrogen kwe-resin ngokwayo kunciphisa ukwanda okungenamkhawulo kwejeli. Uma amanzi equkethe inani elincane likasawoti, ingcindezi ye-osmotic ebuyela emuva izoncipha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yomphumela wokuvikela we-counter ion, uchungechunge lwe-polymer luzoncipha, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla okumunca amanzi kwe-resin. Ngokuvamile, amandla okumunca amanzi e-resin emunca kakhulu kusisombululo se-NaCl esingu-0.9% cishe ayi-1/10 kuphela yamanzi angena ku-ion. Ukumunca amanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kuyizici ezimbili zenkinga efanayo. ULin Runxiong nabanye baxoxe ngakho ku-thermodynamics. Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elithile kanye nengcindezi, i-resin emunca kakhulu ingamunca amanzi ngokuzenzekelayo, futhi amanzi angena ku-resin, anciphise i-enthalpy yamahhala yesistimu yonke aze afinyelele ukulingana. Uma amanzi ephuma ku-resin, ekhulisa i-enthalpy yamahhala, ayivumeli ukuzinza kwesistimu. Ukuhlaziywa kokushisa okuhlukile kukhombisa ukuthi u-50% wamanzi amuncwa yi-resin emuncwa kakhulu usavalelwe kunethiwekhi yejeli ngaphezu kuka-150°C. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ingcindezi isetshenziswa ekushiseni okujwayelekile, amanzi ngeke aphume kwi-resin emuncwa kakhulu, enqunywa yizakhiwo ze-thermodynamic ze-resin emuncwa kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esilandelayo, shayela inhloso ethile ye-SAP.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-08-2021