Ake ngethule i-SAP oyithanda kakhulu kamuva nje!I-Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) iwuhlobo olusha lwe-polymer esebenzayo.Inomsebenzi ophezulu wokumunca amanzi omunca amanzi ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu ambalwa kuya kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa kunawo, futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugcina amanzi.Uma imunca amanzi bese ikhukhumala ibe yi-hydrogel, kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa amanzi ngisho noma ecindezelwe.Ngakho-ke, inokusetshenziswa okubanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni nezolimo, kanye nobunjiniyela bomphakathi.
I-Super absorbent resin iwuhlobo lwama-macromolecules aqukethe amaqembu e-hydrophilic kanye nesakhiwo esixhumene.Yaqala yakhiqizwa yi-Fanta nabanye ngokuxhunyelelwa isitashi nge-polyacrylonitrile bese i-saponifying.Ngokusho izinto zokusetshenziswa, kukhona isitashi uchungechunge (kuxhunyelelwe, carboxymethylated, njll.), cellulose uchungechunge (carboxymethylated, kuwo, njll.), zokwenziwa polymer uchungechunge (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl utshwala, polyoxy Ethylene uchungechunge, njll) ezigabeni eziningana. .Uma kuqhathaniswa nesitashi ne-cellulose, i-polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin inochungechunge lwezinzuzo ezifana nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, inqubo elula, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, amandla okumunca amanzi aqinile, nokuphila isikhathi eside kweshalofu lomkhiqizo.Sekuyiyona ndawo yamanje yocwaningo kulo mkhakha.
Uyini umgomo walo mkhiqizo?Njengamanje, i-polyacrylic acid yenza ama-80% okukhiqizwa kwenhlaka emunca kakhulu emhlabeni.I-super absorbent resin ngokuvamile iyi-polymer electrolyte equkethe iqembu le-hydrophilic kanye nesakhiwo esixhumene.Ngaphambi kokumunca amanzi, amaketanga e-polymer asondelene futhi aboshwe ndawonye, axhumene ukuze enze isakhiwo senethiwekhi, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqiniswa okuphelele.Lapho ethintana namanzi, ama-molecule amanzi angena e-resin ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-capillary kanye nokusabalalisa, futhi amaqembu e-ionized ku-chain afakwa emanzini.Ngenxa ye-electrostatic repulsion phakathi kwama-ion afanayo eketango, iketango le-polymer liyanwebeka futhi likhukhumale.Ngenxa yesidingo sokungathathi hlangothi kukagesi, ama-count ion awakwazi ukuthuthela ngaphandle kwe-resin, futhi umehluko wokugxiliswa kwe-ion phakathi kwesixazululo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-resin wenza ingcindezi ye-osmotic ehlehlayo.Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, amanzi aqhubeka engena ku-resin enze i-hydrogel.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo senethiwekhi esixhunywe esiphambanweni kanye ne-hydrogen bonding ye-resin ngokwayo kunciphisa ukunwetshwa okungenamkhawulo kwejeli.Lapho amanzi equkethe inani elincane likasawoti, ingcindezi ye-osmotic ehlanekezayo izokwehla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yomphumela wokuvikela we-counter ion, uchungechunge lwe-polymer luzoncipha, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla okumuncwa kwamanzi. inhlaka.Ngokuvamile, umthamo wokumunca amanzi we-resin emunca kakhulu ku-0.9% isixazululo se-NaCl cishe cishe u-1/10 wamanzi akhishwe i-deionized.Ukumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kuyizici ezimbili zenkinga efanayo.U-Lin Runxiong et al.waxoxa ngazo ku-thermodynamics.Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elithile nokucindezela, i-resin emunca kakhulu ingakwazi ukumunca amanzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi amanzi angena e-resin, ehlisa i-enthalpy yamahhala yalo lonke uhlelo kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela ukulingana.Uma amanzi ephunyuka ku-resin, ekhulisa i-enthalpy yamahhala, ayihambisani nokuzinza kwesistimu.Ukuhlaziya okuhlukile kokushisa kubonisa ukuthi u-50% wamanzi amuncwa inhlaka emunca kakhulu asavalelwe kunethiwekhi yejeli ngaphezu kuka-150°C.Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma ukucindezela kusetshenziswa ekushiseni okuvamile, amanzi ngeke abaleke ku-resin emunca kakhulu, enqunywa izici ze-thermodynamic ze-super absorbent resin.
Ngokuzayo, khuluma ngenjongo ethile ye-SAP.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-08-2021