1. Yini ama-flocculants, ama-coabulants kanye nezimo?
Lawa ma-ejenti angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukile ku-Sludge Press Filtration Treatment:
I-Flocculantint: kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-coagulant, ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuqinisa ukwehlukaniswa okuqinile okuwuketshezi, isetshenziswa ethangini eliyisisekelo sedimentration, ithangi lesendi, ithangi le-team kanye nokwelashwa okuthuthukile noma inqubo yokwelashwa okuthuthukile.
I-Cooagition Aid: Ama-Flocculants asizayo adlala indima ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokuhlangana.
I-Conditioner: Yaziwa nangokuthi i-ejenti yokuzithoba, isetshenziselwa ukwenza isimo i-sludge esele ngaphambi kokuxoshwa, futhi izinhlobo zayo zifaka ezinye zalezi zinhlaka ezishiwo ngenhla kanye nama-coabulants anenhla.
Ama-Flocculants are ahlukanise izinto ezinganciphisa noma asuse ukuzinza kwezulu kanye nokuqina kwe-polymerization yezinhlayiya ezihlakazekile emanzini, futhi zenze izinhlayiya ezihlakazekile ezingenamanzi, futhi zenze izinhlayiya ezihlakazekile ezi-agglomerate futhi zivelele zibe ngama-aggregate ukuze zisuswe.
Ngokusho kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ama-flocculant angahlukaniswa abe yi-inorganic flocculants kanye ne-organic flocculants.
I-Inorganic Flocculants
Ama-Flocculants wendabuko angakabili ama-molecular usawoti we-aluminium ophansi nosawoti wensimbi. Usawoti we-aluminium ufaka phakathi i-aluminium sulfate (Al2 (So4) 3 ∙ 18h2o), i-Alum (Al2 (So4 (SO4 (SO4), i-sodium alloring ikakhulukazi ifaka i-Ferric Chloride (Ferl3 ∙ 6h20), i-Ferric sulfate (FE2 (SO4) 3 ∙ 2h20).
Ngokuvamile, ama-inorganic flocculants anezici zokutholakala kalula kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiselela okulula, intengo ephansi, kanye nomphumela wokwelashwa ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelashweni kwamanzi.
I-Inorganic Polymer Flocculont
Ama-poldyls asuselwa ku-hydroxyl kanye ne-oksigen we-al (III) no-Fe (III) ahlanganiswe ahlanganiswe nezixazululo zamanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi usayizi wazo wezinhlayiyana uzoba ebangeni le-nanometer. Umphumela womthamo omkhulu.
Ukuqhathanisa amanani awo okusabela kanye namazinga we-polymerization, ukusabela kwe-aluminium polymer kunzima futhi isimo sizinzile, ngenkathi i-polymer ye-hydrolyzed yensimbi iphendula ngokushesha futhi kalula ilahlekelwa ukuqina kanye nama-precipitate.
Izinzuzo ze-Inorganic Polymer Flocculants ziboniswa ngoba zisebenza kahle kakhulu kune-Flocculant yendabuko efana ne-aluminium sulfate kanye ne-chloric ye-Ferric, futhi eshibhile kune-organic polymer flocculants. Manje i-polyaluminum chloride isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezinqubweni zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, amanzi angcolile wezimboni, okubandakanya ukwelashwa kwendle, kubandakanya ukwelashwa okuphakathi, ukwelashwa okuthuthukile, futhi kancane kancane kube yi-flecculant. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya nge-morphology, i-degree of polymerization kanye nomphumela ohambelana nomphumela wokuphambanisa, i-inormangenir flocculants isesesimweni phakathi kwe-flocculants yendabuko yensimbi kanye ne-organic polymer flocculants.
I-Polyaluminum Chloride, PAC, MSDS Policloruro de Aluminio, Case No 1327 41 9, I-Policloruro de Aluminio, I-Poy Aluminium Chloride, Kubhekiselwa Ku-As PAC (oh) McL3N-M. I-PAC yi-electrolyte ehlukahlukene enganciphisa kakhulu imali ekhokhwayo ye-colloidal yobumba obufana (amacala amaningi amabi) emanzini. Ngenxa yesisindo esikhulu se-molecular molecular kanye namandla aqinile we-adsorption, ama-flocs akhiwa akhudlwana, futhi ukusebenza kwe-floccation kanye nokusebenza kwe-sedimentation kungcono kunamanye ama-flocculants.
I-Poly Aluminium Chloride ine-polymerization ephezulu, kanye nokuvuselelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokungezwa kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokwakhiwa kweFloc. I-Poly Aluminium Chlominum Chlomide Pac ayithinteki kangako ngamazinga okushisa kwamanzi, futhi isebenza kahle lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi. Kwehlisa inani le-PH lamanzi ngaphansi, futhi uhla lwe-PH olusebenzayo lubanzi (lungasetshenziswa ebangeni le-PH = 5 ~ 9), ngakho-ke akudingekile ukwengeza i-Alkaline Agent. Umthamo we-PAC mncane, inani lodaka elikhiqizwayo lincane futhi lincane, futhi ukusetshenziswa, ukuphathwa kanye nokusebenza kulula, futhi kuyawa ngokuphelele emishini namapayipi. Ngakho-ke, i-PAC inomkhuba wokuthatha kancane kancane esikhundleni se-aluminium sulfate emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi, futhi ukungathandeki kwalo ukuthi intengo iphakeme kunaleyo ye-flocculant yendabuko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka endaweni yokubuka i-Solution Chemistry,Pac polylunum chlorideIngabe umkhiqizo we-kinetic ophakathi nendawo ye-hydrolysis-polymerization-terigitation ukusabela inqubo kasawoti we-aluminium, okungekho ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ye-PAC ye-Liquid Fac kufanele isetshenziswe esikhathini esifushane (imikhiqizo eqinile inokusebenza okuzinzile). , ingagcinwa isikhathi eside). Ukungeza usawoti othile we-inorganic (njenge-CACL2, Mncl2, njll.) Noma ama-macromolecule (anjenge-polyvinyl alcohol, i-polylindows, njll.) Kungathuthukisa ukuqina kwe-PAC, futhi kungakhuphula amandla okubumbana.
Ngokuya ngenqubo yokukhiqiza, i-animunion eyodwa noma eminingana ehlukene (efana ne-SO42-, i-Po43-, njll. Uma ezinye izingxenye ze-cationic, ezinjengoFe3 +, zethulwa kwinqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PAC ukwenza i-Al3 + ne-FE3 + Eqinile Hydrolytically Polymerized, i-Porocculant Flecculant Iron i-Polyaluminum ingatholakala.
I-Organic Polymer Flocculontant
Izinto zokwenziwa ze-organic polymer ziyi-polypropylene kanye nezinto ze-polyethylene, njenge-polyrrylamide ne-polyethyleinimine. Lezi ze-flocculants zinke ama-macromolekcule angenamanzi, i-macromolecule ngayinye iqukethe amayunithi amaningi aphindaphindwayo aqukethe amaqembu akhokhisiwe, ngakho-ke abizwa nangokuthi ama-polyelectslyte. Labo aqukethe amaqembu abhalwe kahle bangama-cotionic polyelectskytes, futhi lawo aqukethe amaqembu athelwe kabi angama-polyelectsytorolytes anatic polyelectstos, aqukethe amaqembu angenamihle noma abizwa ngokuthi abizwa ngokuthi ama-polyelectstoro.
Njengamanje, ama-polymer flocculants asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-anioc, futhi angadlala kuphela iqhaza ekusizeni ukuphoqelelwa kokungcola okungalungile okukhokhiswayo kwamanzi emanzini. Imvamisa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa yedwa, kepha isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nosawoti we-aluminium nosawoti wensimbi. Ama-Flocculants we-COATIC angadlala indima yokuhlangana nokufakelwa ngasikhathi sinye futhi asetshenziswa yedwa, ngakho-ke athuthuke ngokushesha.
Njengamanje, ama-polyacrylamide an-ionic polymers asetshenziswa kaningi ezweni lami, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nosawoti wensimbi kanye ne-aluminium. Umphumela wokungathathi hlangothi kukagesi we-Iron and Aluminium usawoti ezinhlayiyeni ze-colloidal kanye nomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-floccation we-polymer flocculants asetshenziselwa ukuthola imiphumela yokwelashwa egculisayo. I-PolyAcrylamide inezimpawu zemithamo encane, isivinini sokuhlangana esisheshayo, kanye nama-flocs amakhulu futhi anzima asetshenziswa. I-80% ye-sonthetic argan polymer flocculants ekhiqizwe njengamanje ezweni lami lo mkhiqizo.
I-Polyacrylamide Pam, i-polyelecroctyte isebenzisa, i-polyelectriclyte catioc powder, i-polymecrollyte ye-cationectyte, i-cotioner, i-cotioner, i-cotistic polymelide iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-polymer flecmer flocmemel, polyelectlyte, futhi kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa njenge-coabulayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza zePolyyacrylamide yi-polycacitrite CH2 = CHCN. Ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, i-acrylonitrile ihlelwe yi-acrylamide, futhi i-acryamide bese iphikiswa ukumiswa kwe-polymerization ukuthola i-polymelide. I-PolyAcrylamide iyi-resin engenamanzi, futhi imikhiqizo iyikhambi eliqinile eliqinile futhi elisezingeni elifanelekile elinokuhlushwa okuthile.
Ifomu langempela le-polylacrylamide emanzini liyi-coil engahleliwe. Ngoba ikhoyili engahleliwe inosayizi othile wezinhlayiyana namaqembu athile angaphansi kwayo, ingadlala umthamo wokubhuka ohambisanayo kanye ne-adving, okungukuthi, inesayizi ethile ethile. umthamo othile we-floccution.
Kodwa-ke, ngoba uchungechunge olude lwe-polyracrylamide luvululwa lube yikhoyili, uhla lokubhuka lwalo luncane. Ngemuva kokuthi amaqembu amabili amide axhunyiwe, alingana nokukhanselwa okuhambisanayo kokuxhumana nokulahleka kwezindawo ezimbili ze-adsorption. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amaqembu amide asongwe ekwakhiweni kwekhoyili okungaphakathi kwawo awakwazi ukuxhumana ne-adderb izinhlayiya zokungcola emanzini, ngakho-ke umthamo wawo we-adsorption awunakukhanga ngokuphelele.
Ukuze uhlukanise amaqembu amide axhumene futhi futhi adalule amaqembu afihliwe amide ngaphandle, abantu bazama ukwengeza amaqembu angahleliwe ngendlela yama-advation noma ama-anions ku-adsorption kanye nekhono lokungathathi hlangothi kukagesi kanye nokucindezelwa kwesendlalelo sikagesi. Ngale ndlela, uchungechunge lwama-polyyamide flocculatants noma ama-coabulants anezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene atholakala ngesisekelo se-pam.
Ekwelashweni kwamanzi okubumbana kwamanzi amdaka, kwesinye isikhathi i-flocculanti eyodwa ayikwazi ukufeza umphumela omuhle wokuhlangana, futhi kuvame ukuyengeza amanye ama-ejenti asiza ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokuhlangana. Lo mentur osizayo ubizelwe usizo lokuhlangana. Ama-coagulants asetshenziswa kakhulu angama-chlorine, i-lime, asebenza nge-silicic acid, i-glue yethambo kanye ne-sodium alginate, aculiwe ikhabhoni kanye nemithi ehlukahlukene.
Abanye abahlanganisa nabo abadlali indima ekubumbeni, kepha ngokulungisa kanye nokwenza ngcono izimo zokuhlangana, zidlala indima yokusiza ama-flocculants ukukhiqiza imiphumela yokuqamba. Amanye ama-coagulants babamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwama-flocs, bathuthukise ukwakheka kwama-flocs, futhi bangenza ama-flocs amahle akhiqizwe akhiqizwe ama-inorganic flocculants ama-flocs ama-coarse kanye nama-tight.
4. I-conditioner
I-Conditioners, eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-dehydrating agents, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ama-inorganic conditioners kanye nezimo ze-organic. Izimo ze-inorganic ngokuvamile zilungele ukugcwala kwe-vacuum kanye neplate kanye nokuhlunga kwefreyimu ye-sludge, ngenkathi ama-organic conditioners alungele ama-centrifugal dewanting kanye nebhande lihlunga olwenziwe nge-sludge.
5.Ubudlelwano phakathiama-flocculants, ama-coabulants, kanye nezimo
I-ejenti yokuphelelwa ngamandla i-ejenti ingezwe ngaphambi kokuthi i-sludge ikhishwe emzimbeni, okungukuthi, i-ejenti enesimo se-sludge, ngakho-ke incazelo ye-ejenti yokuphelelwa umoya kanye nomenzeli onesimo kuyafana. Umthamo we-ejenti ethonyayo noma i-ejenti yomuthi ngokuvamile ubalwa njengephesenti lesisindo se-solidge emile yesigaxa.
Ama-Flocculatants asetshenziselwa ukususa ama-solids amisiwe ekukhuculweni kwendle futhi angabafundisi ababalulekile emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Umthamo we-flocculant ngokuvamile uvezwa ngenani elingezwe kuvolumu yeyunithi lamanzi azophathwa.
Umthamo we-ejenti yokuphelelwa ngamandla (i-ejenti yokufaka izimo), i-flecculant, nosizo lokuhlangana kungabizwa ngokuthi umthamo. I-ejenti efanayo ingasetshenziswa njenge-flocculant ekwelapheni indle, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-conditioner noma i-ejenti eguqukayo ekwelashweni kwe-sludge eyeqile.
Ama-coabulants abizwa ngokuthi ama-coagulants lapho esetshenziswa njenge-flocculants emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ama-coagulants afanayo ngokuvamile awabizwa ngokuthi ama-coagulants ekwelashweni kwe-sludge eyeqile, kepha abhekiswe kuzona njengezimo noma ama-dehydrating agents.
Lapho usebenzisa ai-flecculontant, ngoba inani lama-solids amisiwe emanzini lilinganiselwe, ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuxhumana okugcwele phakathi kwe-flocculant nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, izindawo zokuxuba kanye nezinto zokuphendula kudinga ukufezekiswa isikhathi esanele. Isibonelo, ukuxuba kuthatha amashumi emizuzwana kuya emizuzwini eminingana, ukusabela kudinga imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-30. Lapho i-sludge iboshwe, imvamisa ithatha amashumi ambalwa nje amasekhondi ukusuka lapho i-conditioner ingezwe e-sludge efaka umshini wokushintshana, futhi akukho sikhathi sokuhlalisa, futhi isipiliyoni sokuphendula, futhi isipiliyoni sesikhathi siphinde sikhombise ukuthi umphumela wokusabela uzokwanda nokuhlala. kwehle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-09-2022