1. Ayini ama-flocculant, ama-coagulant nama-conditioner?
Lawa ma-ejenti angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukile ekwelashweni kokuhlunga kwe-sludge press:
I-Flocculant: ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-coagulant, ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuqinisa ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile, olusetshenziswa ethangini le-sedimentation eliyisisekelo, ithangi lesibili lokuthungatha, ithangi le-flotation kanye nokwelashwa okuphakeme noma inqubo yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe.
Usizo lwe-coagulation: Ama-flocculants asizayo adlala indima yokuthuthukisa umphumela wokuhlangana.
I-Conditioner: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ejenti yokukhipha amanzi, isetshenziselwa ukulungisa udaka olusele ngaphambi kokukhipha amanzi, futhi izinhlobo zayo zihlanganisa ezinye ze-flocculants ezishiwo ngenhla kanye nama-coagulant.
2. I-Flocculant
Ama-flocculants ayikilasi lezinto ezinganciphisa noma ziqede ukuzinza kwezulu nokuzinza kwe-polymerization kwezinhlayiya ezihlakazekile emanzini, futhi zenze izinhlayiya ezihlakazekile zihlangane futhi zintante zibe yizinqwaba ukuze zisuswe.
Ngokusho kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ama-flocculants angahlukaniswa abe ama-inorganic flocculants kanye nama-organic flocculants.
I-Inorganic flocculants
I-flocculants yendabuko ye-inorganic usawoti wamangqamuzana e-aluminium kanye nosawoti wensimbi.Usawoti we-Aluminium ikakhulukazi uhlanganisa i-aluminium sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), i-alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), i-sodium aluminate (NaALO3 ), osawoti bensimbi ikakhulukazi bahlanganisa i-ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), i-ferrous sulfate I-FeSO4∙6H20) ne-ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
Ngokuvamile, ama-flocculants we-inorganic anezici zokutholakala kalula kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukulungiswa okulula, intengo ephansi, nomphumela wokwelapha omaphakathi, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelashweni kwamanzi.
I-Inorganic polymer flocculant
I-hydroxyl kanye nama-polymers asekelwe kumoya-mpilo we-Al(III) kanye ne-Fe(III) azophinde ahlanganiswe abe ama-aggregate, azogcinwa esixazululweni samanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi usayizi wezinhlayiyana zawo uzoba kububanzi be-nanometer.Umphumela womthamo omkhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ukusabela kwazo kanye namazinga e-polymerization, ukusabela kwe-aluminium polymer kuthambile futhi umumo uzinzile, kuyilapho i-polymer ye-hydrolyzed yensimbi isabela ngokushesha futhi kalula ilahlekelwa ukuzinza kanye nemvula.
Izinzuzo ze-inorganic polymer flocculants zibonakala ngokuthi zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunama-flocculants endabuko afana ne-aluminium sulfate ne-ferric chloride, futhi ishibhile kune-organic polymer flocculants.Manje i-Polyaluminium chloride isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa kwamanzi, amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye nendle yasemadolobheni, kuhlanganise nokwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukwelashwa okuphakathi kanye nokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe, futhi kancane kancane isiphenduke i-flocculant evamile.Kodwa-ke, ngokuya nge-morphology, izinga le-polymerization kanye nomphumela ohambisanayo we-coagulation-flocculation, ama-polymer flocculants angaphili asesimweni phakathi kwama-flocculants kasawoti ensimbi yendabuko kanye ne-organic polymer flocculants.
I-Polyaluminium chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical yokwelapha amanzi,i-poly aluminium chloride, okubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-PAC, inefomula yamakhemikhali ethi ALn(OH)mCL3n-m.I-PAC iyi-electrolyte enama-multivalent enganciphisa kakhulu inkokhiso ye-colloidal yokungcola okufana nobumba (amashaji amaningi angalungile) emanzini.Ngenxa yesisindo samangqamuzana amakhulu ahlobene namandla okukhangisa aqinile, ama-floc akhiwe makhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwe-flocculation nokusebenza kwe-sedimentation kungcono kunamanye ama-flocculants.
i-poly aluminium chloride inezinga eliphezulu le-polymerization, futhi ukunyakazisa okusheshayo ngemva kokwengeza kungafinyeza kakhulu isikhathi sokwakheka kwe-floc.I-poly aluminium chloride PAC ayithinteki kangako izinga lokushisa lamanzi, futhi isebenza kahle uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi.Yehlisa inani le-pH lamanzi kancane, futhi ibanga le-pH elisebenzayo libanzi (lingasetshenziswa ebangeni le-pH=5~9), ngakho-ke akudingekile ukwengeza i-alkaline ejenti.Isilinganiso se-PAC sincane, inani lodaka olukhiqizwayo nalo lincane, futhi ukusetshenziswa, ukuphatha nokusebenza kulula kakhulu, futhi futhi alibi kakhulu ezintweni zokusebenza namapayipi.Ngakho-ke, i-PAC inomkhuba wokushintsha kancane kancane i-aluminium sulfate emkhakheni wokuhlanza amanzi, futhi okubi kwayo ukuthi intengo iphakeme kunaleyo ye-flocculants yendabuko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono we-chemistry chemistry,I-PAC poly aluminium chlorideumkhiqizo omaphakathi we-kinetic wenqubo yokusabela ye-hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation kasawoti we-aluminium, ongaqinile ngokwe-thermodynamically.Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ye-PAC ewuketshezi kufanele isetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifushane (imikhiqizo eqinile inokusebenza okuzinzile)., ingagcinwa isikhathi eside).Ukwengeza usawoti we-inorganic (njenge-CaCl2, MnCl2, njll.) noma ama-macromolecules (afana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, i-polyacrylamide, njll.) kungathuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-PAC, futhi kungakhuphula ikhono lokuhlangana.
Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza, i-anion eyodwa noma eminingana ehlukene (efana ne-SO42-, PO43-, njll.) yethulwa enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-PAC, futhi ukwakheka kwe-polymer kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-morphological kungashintshwa ngokwezinga elithile nge-polymerization, ngaleyo ndlela. ukwenza ngcono Ukuzinza nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwePAC;uma ezinye izingxenye ze-cationic, njenge-Fe3+, zethulwa kunqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PAC ukwenza i-Al3+ ne-Fe3+ inyakaze i-hydrolytically polymerized, ingatholwa insimbi eyinhlanganisela ye-flocculant polyaluminium.
I-Organic polymer flocculant
Ama-synthetic organic polymer flocculants ikakhulukazi i-polypropylene kanye ne-polyethylene izinto, njenge-polyacrylamide ne-polyethyleneimine.Lawa ma-flocculants wonke angama-macromolecule aqondile ancibilikayo emanzini, i-macromolecule ngayinye iqukethe amayunithi amaningi aphindaphindayo aqukethe amaqembu akhokhisiwe, ngakho-ke abizwa nangokuthi ama-polyelectrolytes.Lawo aqukethe amaqembu ane-positively charges ama-cationic polyelectrolytes, futhi lawo aqukethe amaqembu akhokhiswe kabi ama-anionic polyelectrolytes, angaqukethe amaqembu angenawo amandla noma akhokhiswa kabi, futhi abizwa ngama-nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Njengamanje, ama-polymer flocculants asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-anionic, futhi angakwazi ukudlala indima kuphela ekusizeni ukuhlangana kokungcola kwe-colloidal okunecala elibi emanzini.Ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa yodwa, kodwa isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nosawoti we-aluminium kanye nosawoti wensimbi.Ama-Cationic flocculants angadlala indima ye-coagulation kanye ne-flocculation ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi asetshenziswe yedwa, ngakho-ke athuthuke ngokushesha.
Njengamanje, ama-polymers angewona ama-ionic e-polyacrylamide asetshenziswa kaningi ezweni lami, avame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nensimbi ne-aluminium usawoti.Umphumela wokungathathi hlangothi kagesi wensimbi kanye nosawoti we-aluminium ezinhlayiyeni ze-colloidal kanye nomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-flocculation wama-polymer flocculants asetshenziselwa ukuthola imiphumela yokwelapha egculisayo.I-Polyacrylamide inezici zomthamo omncane, isivinini sokuhlangana okusheshayo, nama-flocs amakhulu futhi aqinile asetshenziswayo.Ama-80% wezinto zokwenziwa ze-polymer flocculants okwamanje ezikhiqizwa ezweni lami zilo mkhiqizo.
I-Polyacrylamide PAM, i-polyelectrolyte isebenzisa, i-polyelectrolyte cationic powder, i-cationic polyelectrolyte, i-cationic polymer, i-cationic polyacrylamide isetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke zokwenziwa kwe-polymer flocculant, i-polyelectrolyte, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa njenge-coagulant.Ukukhiqizwa kwempahla eluhlaza ye-polyacrylamide yi-polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-acrylonitrile ifakwa nge-hydrolyzed ukuze yakhe i-acrylamide, bese i-acrylamide ibe ngaphansi kwe-suspension polymerization ukuze ithole i-polyacrylamide.I-Polyacrylamide iyinhlaka encibilika emanzini, futhi imikhiqizo iyisixazululo samanzi esine-granular esine-viscous esinokugxila okuthile.
Ifomu langempela elikhona le-polyacrylamide emanzini liyikhoyili engahleliwe.Ngenxa yokuthi ikhoyili engahleliwe inosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezithile kanye namaqembu athile e-amide endaweni yayo, ingadlala ibhuloho elihambisanayo namandla okukhangisa, okungukuthi, inosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezithile.umthamo othile we-flocculation.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi iketango elide le-polyacrylamide ligoqekile laba ikhoyili, ububanzi bayo bokubhula buncane.Ngemuva kokuthi amaqembu amabili e-amide exhunyiwe, kulingana nokukhanselwa okufanayo kokuxhumana kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezingosi ezimbili ze-adsorption.Ukwengeza, amanye amaqembu e-amide ahlanganiswe esakhiweni sekhoyili Ingaphakathi layo alikwazi ukuthintana futhi likhangise izinhlayiya zokungcola emanzini, ngakho amandla ayo okukhangisa angeke asetshenziswe ngokugcwele.
Ukuze kuhlukaniswe amaqembu e-amide axhunyiwe futhi futhi adalule amaqembu e-amide afihliwe ngaphandle, abantu bazama ukunweba ikhoyili engahleliwe ngendlela efanele, futhi baze bazame ukungeza amaqembu athile ngama-cations noma ama-anions eketangeni elide lama-molecular , kuyilapho bethuthukisa ukukhangiswa kanye ikhono lokuvala ibhuloho kanye nomthelela wokungathathi hlangothi kukagesi nokucindezelwa kongqimba oluphindwe kabili kagesi.Ngale ndlela, uchungechunge lwama-polyacrylamide flocculants noma ama-coagulants anezakhiwo ezahlukene atholakala ngesisekelo se-PAM.
Ekwelashweni kokuhlangana kwamanzi angcolile, kwesinye isikhathi i-flocculant eyodwa ayikwazi ukufeza umphumela omuhle wokuhlangana, futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza ama-agent athile asizayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokuhlangana.Lo msizi ubizwa ngokuthi i-coagulation aid.Ama-coagulant asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-chlorine, i-lime, i-asilicic acid ecushiwe, i-bone glue ne-sodium alginate, i-activated carbon kanye nobumba obuhlukahlukene.
Amanye ama-coagulant ngokwawo awadlali indima ekuhlanganiseni, kodwa ngokulungisa nokuthuthukisa izimo zokuhlangana, adlala indima yokusiza ama-flocculants ukukhiqiza imiphumela yokuhlangana.Amanye ama-coagulant abamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwama-floc, athuthukise ukwakheka kwe-flocs, futhi angenza ama-coagulant amahle naxegeyo akhiqizwe ama-inorganic flocculants abe ama-coarse futhi aqinile.
4. I-conditioner
Ama-conditioner, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-ejenti aqeda amanzi emzimbeni, angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ama-inorganic conditioners nama-organic conditioners.Ama-inorganic conditioners ngokuvamile afaneleka ukuhluzwa kwe-vacuum kanye nokuhlunga kwepuleti kanye nohlaka lwe-sludge, kuyilapho ama-organic conditioners afaneleka ukucwiliswa kwamanzi okuyi-centrifugal kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngesihlungi sebhande.
5.ubudlelwano phakathiama-flocculants, ama-coagulants, nama-conditioner
I-ejenti yokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni i-ejenti eyengezwe ngaphambi kokuba udaka luphelelwe amanzi, okungukuthi, i-ejenti yokumisa ye-sludge, ngakho-ke incazelo ye-ejenti yokuqeda amanzi kanye ne-conditioning agent iyafana.Umthamo we-ejenti yokukhipha amanzi noma i-ejenti yokufaka umoya ngokuvamile ibalwa njengephesenti lesisindo sezinsimbi ezomile zodaka.
Ama-flocculants asetshenziselwa ukususa izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini angcolile futhi ziyizinto ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokuhlanza amanzi.Umthamo we-flocculant ngokuvamile uvezwa inani elingezwe kumthamo weyunithi lamanzi azohlanzwa.
Umthamo we-ejenti eqeda amanzi emzimbeni (i-ejenti yokupholisa umzimba), i-flocculant, ne-coagulation aid ingabizwa ngomthamo.I-ejenti efanayo ingasetshenziswa njenge-flocculant ekwelapheni indle, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-conditioner noma i-ejenti yokukhipha amanzi ekwelapheni udaka oluningi.
Ama-coagulants abizwa ngokuthi ama-coagulants uma esetshenziswa njengama-flocculants emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi.Ama-coagulant afanayo ngokuvamile awabizwa ngokuthi ama-coagulant ekwelapheni udaka oludlulele, kodwa abizwa ngokuhlanganyela njengama-conditioner noma ama-agent aqeda amanzi emzimbeni.
Uma usebenzisa i-ai-flocculant, njengoba inani lezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini zilinganiselwe, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthintana okugcwele phakathi kwe-flocculant kanye nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, izikhungo zokuxuba nokusabela zidinga ukuhlonyiswa isikhathi esanele.Isibonelo, ukuxuba kuthatha amashumi amasekhondi kuya emizuzwini embalwa, Ukusabela kudinga imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-30.Uma udaka luchithwa amanzi, ngokuvamile kuthatha amashumi ambalwa emizuzwana kusukela lapho i-conditioner ingezwa odaka olungena emshinini wokukhipha amanzi, okungukuthi, inqubo yokuxuba kuphela elingana ne-flocculant, futhi asikho isikhathi sokuphendula, futhi ulwazi lunayo. kuphinde kuboniswe ukuthi umphumela wokumisa uzokhula ngokuhlala.yehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-09-2022